Developing and Testing the Efficacy of AI-Chatbot-Based

August 25, 2026 updated by: National Taiwan University Clinical Trial Center, National Taiwan University Hospital

Developing and Testing the Efficacy of AI-Chatbot-Based Delivering Body-Mind- Spirit Integrated With Mindfulness Compassion Therapy in Improving Holistic Well-being and Depression for Breast Cancer Survivors: A Large-scale Multi-sites Study

this study aims to develop the Calm-Mind-Recovery-Journey AI-Chatbot delivering BMS-MC therapy for breast cancer survivors and examine its feasibility, acceptability, safety, and preliminary effects of holistic well-being and depressive levels, and coping skills (mindfulness status, self-compassion, emotional regulations), and breast cancer-specific QOL. The experiences of participants using AI-Chatbot will be explored.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

For the first and the second years, Phase I using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), developing a rule-based "CalmRecoveryJourney" AI-Chatbot step to step guided BMS-MC, feedback system, 24-hour emotional support with human-loop escalation. Phase II Pilot evaluation using a mixed-methods design including the quantitative (a randomized waitlist-controlled trial, RCT) and qualitative methods (in-depth interview) in the 68 breast cancer survivors who completed active cancer treatments and will be recruited from breast cancer organizations, and social media. For the third year, a large-scale single-arm intervention with three repeated measurements (baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up) will be conducted across four geographic regions in Taiwan (North, Central, South, and East). A total of 200 breast cancer survivors from four regions will be recruited. The outcome measures include self-report questionnaires (WHO Well-Being Index and Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, self-compassion scale, EORTC QLQ-BR45, wearable EEG online data and survivors' learning process data from the AI-Chabot system including adherence and engagement with AI-Chatbot. Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3). With intentional-to-treat GEE analysis and thematic qualitative analysis will be conducted.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
68

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Taiwan
    • Taipei
      • Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, 10051
        • National Taiwan University
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Diagnosis of breast cancer completing the active cancer treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) Aged at least 20 Owned a smartphone (Android or iOS) with Line access Ability to communicate with the AI chatbot Willingness to participate in the research and interact with the AI-chatbot during the intervention.

Exclusion Criteria:

Diagnosis of another type of cancer Current receipt of psychotherapy Another online psychosocial or mental health intervention The presence of cognitive impairment or severe mental health conditions

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: experimental group
AIAI-Chatbot CalmMindRecoveryJourney delivering BMS-MC therapy
Behavioral: AIAI-Chatbot CalmMindRecoveryJourney delivering BMS-MC therapy
CalmRecoveryJourney is a rule-based AI-Chatbot implemented through Line platform which guides survivors step by step complete 6-week Modules: BMS empowerment strategies, Structured Mindfulness skills and Compassion-based skills. The modules for each session contents will be developed based on our previous intervention studies on BMS-MC for breast cancer survivors, lung cancer survivors and their caregivers (Hsiao et al., 2012; Hsiao et al., 2016; Hsiao et al., 2022; Hsiao et al., 2025a; Hsiao et al.,2025b), and update literature review. BMS-MC consists of BMS empowerment strategies and mindfulness/compassion to enhance breast cancer survivors' holistic well-being and emotional regulation skills (mindfulness, self-compassion).
Active Comparator: waitlist control group
Behavioral: AIAI-Chatbot CalmMindRecoveryJourney delivering BMS-MC therapy
CalmRecoveryJourney is a rule-based AI-Chatbot implemented through Line platform which guides survivors step by step complete 6-week Modules: BMS empowerment strategies, Structured Mindfulness skills and Compassion-based skills. The modules for each session contents will be developed based on our previous intervention studies on BMS-MC for breast cancer survivors, lung cancer survivors and their caregivers (Hsiao et al., 2012; Hsiao et al., 2016; Hsiao et al., 2022; Hsiao et al., 2025a; Hsiao et al.,2025b), and update literature review. BMS-MC consists of BMS empowerment strategies and mindfulness/compassion to enhance breast cancer survivors' holistic well-being and emotional regulation skills (mindfulness, self-compassion).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9
Time Frame: Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3)

Unabbreviated Scale Title: Patient Health Questionnaire-9

Minimum and Maximum Values: 0 to 27

Outcome Direction: Higher scores indicate a worse outcome (greater severity of depressive symptoms).
Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3)
WHO Well-Being Index
Time Frame: Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3).

Unabbreviated Scale Title: World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index

Minimum and Maximum Values: 0 to 25 (often converted to a percentage score from 0 to 100 by multiplying the raw score by 4)

Outcome Direction: Higher scores indicate a better outcome (higher level of well-being).
Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Time Frame: Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3)

Unabbreviated Scale Title: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

Minimum and Maximum Values:

Cognitive Reappraisal Subscale: 6 to 42

Expressive Suppression Subscale: 4 to 28

Outcome Direction: Higher scores indicate greater endorsement/use of that specific emotion regulation strategy. Whether higher scores mean a better or worse outcome depends on context, though Cognitive Reappraisal is generally considered adaptive (better outcome) and Expressive Suppression is often associated with maladaptive outcomes (worse outcome).
Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3)
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Time Frame: Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3).

Unabbreviated Scale Title: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (15-item short form)

Minimum and Maximum Values: 15 to 75 total score (or 3 to 15 for each of the 5 individual subscales)

Outcome Direction: Higher scores indicate a better outcome (higher overall level of mindfulness).
Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3).
self-compassion scale
Time Frame: Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3).

Unabbreviated Scale Title: Self-Compassion Scale (or Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form)

Minimum and Maximum Values: 1 to 5 mean score (calculated by averaging item scores)

Outcome Direction: Higher scores indicate a better outcome (higher level of self-compassion).
Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3).
EORTC QLQ-BR45
Time Frame: Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3)

Unabbreviated Scale Title: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - Breast Cancer Module (45 items)

Minimum and Maximum Values: Raw scores are transformed linearly into a standardized score ranging from 0 to 100 for all subscales.

Outcome Direction:

Functional Scales / Single Items: Higher scores indicate a better outcome (a higher/better level of functioning).

Symptom Scales / Single Items: Higher scores indicate a worse outcome (a higher level of symptoms or problems).
Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3)
wearable EEG power in alpha band
Time Frame: Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3)
wearable EEG power in alpha band
Measurement time-points are at baseline (T1), the 6 week (the end of AI-Chatbot guide) (T2), the 12 week (self-practices period) (T3)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
National Taiwan University Hospital

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Fei-Hsiu FH Hsiao, PhD, National Taiwan University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • Abd-Alrazaq, A. A., Rababeh, A., Alajlani, M., Bewick, B. M., & Househ, M. (2020). Effectiveness and safety of using chatbots to improve mental health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e16021. https://doi.org/10.2196/16021 Boie, S. D., Glastetter, E., Lux, M. P., Balzer, F., von Kalle, C., Lenz, C., & Müller, U. (2025). Evaluating a chatbot as a companion for patients with breast cancer: Collaborative pilot study. JMIR Cancer, 11, e68426. Brown, T., Cruickshank, S., & Noblet, M. (2021). Specialist breast care nurses for support of women with breast cancer. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2(2), CD005634. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005634.pub3 Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. Dec 1983;24(4):385. Bornemann B, Singer T. Taking time to feel our body: steady increases in heartbeat perception accuracy and decreases in alexithymia over 9 months of contemplative mental training. Psychophysiology. Mar 2017;54(3):469-482. Chakraborty, C., Pal, S., Bhattacharya, M., Dash, S., & Lee, S.-S. (2023). Overview of chatbots with special emphasis on artificial intelligence-enabled ChatGPT in medical science. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6. Conţ, M., Ciupe, A., Orza, B., Cohuţ, I., & Niţu, G. (2022). Career counseling chatbot using Microsoft bot frameworks. In I. Kallel, H. Kammoun, & L. Hsairi (Eds.), 2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 1387-1392). IEEE. Duan, W., Klibert, J., Schotanus-Dijkstra, M., Llorens, S., van den Heuvel, M., Mayer, C. H., Tomasulo, D., Liao, Y., & van Zyl, L. E. (2022). Editorial: Positive psychological interventions: How, when and why they work: Beyond WEIRD contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1021539. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 1, 2027

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 31, 2032

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 31, 2032

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 12, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 25, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 27, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 27, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 25, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 202604050RINE

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Patient Privacy

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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