Turkish Version of a Scale Measuring How People View Chronic Pain

October 8, 2026 updated by: Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi

Turkish Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale

This study will translate and culturally adapt the Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale (PEB) into Turkish and evaluate how well and consistently it measures the views of adults with chronic pain. The study will take place at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic of Bilecik Training and Research Hospital. At least 200 adults will be included in the main sample. Participants will complete questionnaires that are expected to take 10 to 15 minutes. An additional 20 people who will not be included in the main sample will take part in a pilot assessment. Fifty participants from the main sample will complete the PEB Scale again after two weeks. No treatment or intervention will be assigned.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Detailed Description

This is a methodological, cross-sectional study with a prospective test-retest component. The Turkish cross-cultural adaptation will include independent forward translations, reconciliation of the translations, independent back-translations, comparison with the original scale, and review of discrepancies. Seven experts in relevant fields will assess the clarity, cultural suitability, and content relevance of the items. The revised form will be pilot-tested with 20 adults with chronic pain who will not be included in the main sample.

The main psychometric evaluation will include at least 200 adults with chronic pain. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses will be used to evaluate the scale structure. Criterion-related validity will be assessed through correlations with pain beliefs, pain-related self-efficacy, pain intensity, interference with daily activities, and pain-related distress. Internal consistency and item characteristics will also be examined. Measurement invariance across selected participant groups will be evaluated using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis.

For test-retest reliability, 50 participants from the main sample whose clinical condition is not expected to change substantially will complete the PEB Scale again after two weeks. Agreement between the two measurements will be assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and its 95% confidence interval.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
220

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Adults aged 18 years or older with physician-diagnosed chronic pain lasting or recurring for more than 3 months who receive follow-up or treatment at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic of Bilecik Training and Research Hospital, Türkiye.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18 years or older.
  • Voluntarily agrees to participate in the study.
  • Has physician-diagnosed chronic pain lasting or recurring for more than 3 months.
  • Able to read and write Turkish.
  • Has sufficient cognitive ability to understand and complete the data collection forms.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presents with acute pain or does not meet the chronic pain criteria.
  • Has a cognitive or communication impairment that prevents completion of the data collection forms.
  • Submits incomplete data collection forms.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: OTHER
  • Time Perspectives: PROSPECTIVE

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Adults With Chronic Pain

Adults aged 18 years or older with physician-diagnosed chronic pain lasting or recurring for more than 3 months. At least 200 participants will be included in the main sample, and an additional 20 participants will take part in the pilot assessment. Fifty participants from the main sample will complete the PEB Scale again after two weeks. No intervention will be assigned.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Construct validity and internal consistency of the Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale
Time Frame: At the initial assessment (single administration)

The Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale (PEB Scale) consists of 11 items rated on a 4-point scale (1-4), yielding a total score of 11-44. Higher scores indicate stronger endorsement of the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain and represent a more favorable outcome. Construct validity will be evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency will be assessed using Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlations.
At the initial assessment (single administration)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Test-retest reliability of the Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale
Time Frame: At the initial assessment and 2 weeks later

The Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale (PEB Scale) consists of 11 items rated on a 4-point scale (1-4), yielding a total score of 11-44. Higher scores indicate stronger endorsement of the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain and represent a more favorable outcome. A subsample of 50 participants will complete the scale again after 2 weeks. Test-retest reliability will be evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and its 95% confidence interval.
At the initial assessment and 2 weeks later
Criterion-related validity of the Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale
Time Frame: At the initial assessment

Criterion-related validity will be assessed by examining correlations between scores on the Patients' Endorsement of a Biopsychosocial Model of Chronic Pain Scale (PEB Scale), the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire, the University of Washington Pain-Related Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form, and three 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) items.

The PEB Scale has 11 items rated 1-4, with a total score of 11-44; higher scores indicate stronger endorsement of the biopsychosocial model and represent a more favorable outcome. The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire has Organic Beliefs and Psychological Beliefs subscale mean scores ranging from 1-6; higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in the corresponding domain, with no uniformly better or worse direction. The University of Washington Pain-Related Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form has 6 items rated 1-5, with a total score of 6-30; higher scores indicate greater pain-related self-efficacy and represent a more favorable outcome. The three NRS items assess pain int
At the initial assessment

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 15, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 15, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 15, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 6, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 8, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • PEB-TR-2026

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

No individual participant data will be shared with other researchers. The study involves sensitive health information, and participant confidentiality will be protected. Study findings will be reported in aggregate.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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