A Crossover Study Evaluating the Postprandial Glycemic Response of Three Sweeteners in a Mixed Meal Setting

November 9, 2026 updated by: LOAM Science

A Randomized, Participant-Masked, Crossover Study Evaluating Postprandial Glycemic Response to Three Sweetener Preloads Consumed Before a Standardized Mixed Meal in Healthy Adults

This study is using a double-blind, randomize crossover evaluating the impact of three different sweeteners on postprandial glycemic response in a mixed meal setting. In 50 individuals, postprandial glucose response will be evaluated as a primary objective. Secondary objectives include additional measures of glucose response as well general gastrointestinal response to the sweeteners, assessed through a series of questionnaires.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
50

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • San Francisco, California, United States, 94109
        • Recruiting
        • Alethios
        • Contact:
          • Zeenia Framroze
          • Phone Number: 650-206-8006

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults 18 or older
  • Body mass index between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m2, inclusive, based on self-reported height and weight.
  • Self-reported general good health, without a diagnosis of diabetes or prediabetes.
  • Willing and able to consume the standardized study breakfast, consisting of a plain bagel with plain cream cheese, on six specified mornings.
  • Willing to wear a continuous glucose monitor continuously on the upper arm for approximately 10 consecutive days.
  • Willing to observe an overnight fast of at least 8 hours before each test morning and to follow test-day standardization instructions.
  • Owns a compatible smartphone with reliable internet access and is willing to install the required study and sensor applications.
  • Resides in the United States and is able to receive shipments at a residential address.
  • Able to read, understand, and communicate in English.
  • Willing and able to provide electronic informed consent through a digital platform.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, or a history of gestational diabetes.
  • Current use of any glucose-lowering medication, including insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, or SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • Current or recent use, within 30 days of consent, of systemic corticosteroids or any other medication known to materially alter glucose metabolism.
  • Celiac disease, wheat or gluten allergy or intolerance, or any dairy allergy or lactose intolerance that would preclude consumption of the standardized study breakfast or exclusion of gluten or dairy from the diet for any other reason that would preclude consumption of the standardized breakfast.
  • Known allergy or sensitivity to steviol glycosides, sucrose, or any declared component of the study preloads.
  • Known adhesive allergy or history of significant skin reaction to wearable sensors or medical adhesives.
  • Diagnosed gastrointestinal condition affecting digestion or absorption, including inflammatory bowel disease, gastroparesis, or prior bariatric or major gastrointestinal surgery.
  • Current eating disorder, or a diagnosed eating disorder within the previous 12 months.
  • Pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study period.
  • Regular night-shift work, or planned travel across more than two time zones during the study period.
  • Planned substantial change in diet, physical activity, or body weight during the study period.
  • Current alcohol use disorder or substance use disorder.
  • Participation in another interventional research study within 30 days of consent or concurrently with this study.
  • Any condition or circumstance that, in the judgment of the Principal Investigator, would compromise participant safety or the integrity of the study data.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Sequence 1

Sugar, stevia, and a fiber-based alternative sweetener will be evaluated in a pre-defined order.
Dietary supplement: LOAM Fiber-based Sweetener

A fiber-based sweetener produced by LOAM.

Other: Sugar

Table sugar

Other: Stevia

Stevia
Experimental: Sequence 2

Sugar, stevia, and a fiber-based alternative sweetener will be evaluated in a pre-defined order.
Dietary supplement: LOAM Fiber-based Sweetener

A fiber-based sweetener produced by LOAM.

Other: Sugar

Table sugar

Other: Stevia

Stevia
Experimental: Sequence 3

Sugar, stevia, and a fiber-based alternative sweetener will be evaluated in a pre-defined order.
Dietary supplement: LOAM Fiber-based Sweetener

A fiber-based sweetener produced by LOAM.

Other: Sugar

Table sugar

Other: Stevia

Stevia
Experimental: Sequence 4

Sugar, stevia, and a fiber-based alternative sweetener will be evaluated in a pre-defined order.
Dietary supplement: LOAM Fiber-based Sweetener

A fiber-based sweetener produced by LOAM.

Other: Sugar

Table sugar

Other: Stevia

Stevia
Experimental: Sequence 5

Sugar, stevia, and a fiber-based alternative sweetener will be evaluated in a pre-defined order.
Dietary supplement: LOAM Fiber-based Sweetener

A fiber-based sweetener produced by LOAM.

Other: Sugar

Table sugar

Other: Stevia

Stevia
Experimental: Sequence 6

Sugar, stevia, and a fiber-based alternative sweetener will be evaluated in a pre-defined order.
Dietary supplement: LOAM Fiber-based Sweetener

A fiber-based sweetener produced by LOAM.

Other: Sugar

Table sugar

Other: Stevia

Stevia

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Postprandial Area Under the Curve to 120 Minutes
Time Frame: Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Area under the curve above baseline from time zero (the start of the preload consumption) through 120 minutes. Baseline is defined as the mean glucose over the 15 minutes prior to the preload consumption. Area falling below baseline will be excluded.
Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Postprandial Area Under the Curve to 180 Minutes
Time Frame: Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Area under the curve above baseline from time zero (the start of the preload consumption) through 180 minutes. Baseline is defined as the mean glucose over the 15 minutes prior to the preload consumption. Area falling below baseline will be excluded.
Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.
Postprandial Area Under the Curve to 120 Minutes Relative to Start of the Meal
Time Frame: Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Area under the curve above baseline from time zero (the start of the meal consumption) through 120 minutes. Baseline is defined as the mean glucose over the 15 minutes prior to the preload consumption. Area falling below baseline will be excluded.
Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.
Peak Glucose
Time Frame: Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Maximum observed glucose peak over the course of the 180 minute window.
Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.
Incremental Peak Glucose
Time Frame: Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Maximum observed glucose peak relative to baseline over the course of the 180 minute window.
Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.
Time to Peak
Time Frame: Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Elapsed time from preload consumption to the maximum observed value.
Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.
Post-Meal Subjective State
Time Frame: Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Fullness, hunger, energy, and gastrointestinal comfort on a 0-10 numerical rating scale with 10 being an optimal situation and 0 representing the inverse for fullness, energy, and gastrointestinal comfort and 0 being an optimal situation and 10 representing the inverse for hunger. Questions are asked 60 and 180 minutes after the start of the mixed meal.
Data will be collected on each day of supplementation, days 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
LOAM Science

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Alethios, Inc.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 9, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 15, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 19, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 19, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 26, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 12, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 9, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • LOA003

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

IPD is proprietary information.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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