Risk Factors for Uterine Fibroids: A Case Control Study

Risk Factors for Uterine Fibroids: A Case Control Study and Follow-up Amendment to Study Disease Progression

The proposed study is designed to estimate the proportion of 35-49 year-old women in a large urban health plan who have had fibroids. The membership of the health plan is approximately 45% black, so estimates for black and white women can be compared. Risk factors for the condition will be studied, and uterine tissue from women having hysterectomies or myomectomies will be studied to identify genetic, hormonal, and protein mediators of tumor growth.

A randomly selected sample of about 1800 women age 35-49 who are members of the George Washington University Health Plan will be invited to participate. Presence of leiomyomas for premenopausal participants with no prior diagnosis of leiomyoma will be determined by an ultrasound examination. Presence of leiomyomas for premenopausal women who report a prior diagnosis of fibroids will be determined by ultrasound evidence in their medical record when available, and by self-report when not available. History of fibroids in postmenopausal women will be based on pathology records for those with surgical menopause and on radiology records or self-report for the small number of naturally postmenopausal women. Estimates of the proportion who have or have had fibroids will be compared for blacks and whites.

To examine risk factors for leiomyoma we will conduct a case-control analysis. Cases will be those women identified with leiomyoma from the random sample, supplemented by women in the same age range who have hysterectomies or myomectomies during the study period and hose excised uteri show evidence of fibroids on standard pathology examination. Women from the random sample with ultrasound or pathology evidence showing no uterine fibroids will constitute the control group. Controls will be compared to cases grouped by size of largest fibroid and grouped by clinical.

A telephone interview and self-administered questionnaire will provide information on demographic factors, medical history, dietary intake, reproductive history, life style factors, and occupational/environmental exposures. Blood will be collected from premenopausal women to measure lipids, insulin, and potential susceptibility genes. Urine will also be collected from premenopausal women early in their menstrual cycles to measure gonadotropin levels. Blood pressure, heart rate, weight, height, and waist-to-hip ration will be measured. Tissue from surgical specimens will be use by collaborators at NIEHS to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis, genetic factors, estrogen and progesterone receptor levels, protein markers of estrogen action, and growth factors.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Uterine Fibroids

Detailed Description

Uterine leiomyomas are the leading cause of hysterectomy in the United States, accounting for over 200,000 procedures each year. Leiomyoma is a common condition with many tumors being asymptomatic. It is not known which women who have fibroids will develop clinical symptoms. In 1996-1999 the NIEHS Uterine Fibroid Study enrolled 1245 randomly selected premenopausal women, aged 35 to 49, who had been randomly selected from the membership roles of George Washington University Health Plan, a large prepaid health plan in Washington, D.C. Slightly over half of the participants were African American. Participants were asked about prior diagnoses of uterine leiomyomas, and 87% were examined by abdominal/transvaginal ultrasound to screen for uterine leiomyoma. Sixty-two percent of the 1245 had either had a prior diagnosis of leiomyoma or had sonogram evidence of the condition.

Study Objectives:

1. Monitor fibroid-related symptoms over time (Two follow-ups over a five-year period).
2. Measure the proportion of women who undergo major medical intervention (hysteroscopic resection, uterine artery embolization, laser coagulation, myomectomy, or hysterectomy).
3. Identify risk factors for increased symptom severity.
4. Identify risk factors for treatment intervention.

Methods: Premenopausal participants in the Uterine Fibroid Study (1996-1999) will be recontacted twice during the years 2001 - 2005 to obtain information about leiomyoma-related symptoms and medical or surgical treatments. Data will be collected with a computer-assisted telephone interview. Medical records of ultrasound or MRI examinations and major medical or surgical interventions will be abstracted to verify medical follow-up and treatment.

Significance: The presence of leiomyomas can be identified with ultrasound screening when the condition is asymptomatic. However, no data are available that allow clinicians to predict which women will experience morbidity. This longitudinal study will trace disease progression, and identify factors related to increased symptom severity and medical/surgical treatment. The findings could then be used to develop a systematic scoring system that can be used to identify women at high risk.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 1529

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • District of Columbia
    • Washington, District of Columbia, United States
      • George Washington University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 35 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:

All premenopausal women who participated in the initial study are eligible for the current follow-up study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cramer SF, Patel A. The frequency of uterine leiomyomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990 Oct;94(4):435-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/94.4.435.
• Lamminen S, Rantala I, Helin H, Rorarius M, Tuimala R. Proliferative activity of human uterine leiomyoma cells as measured by automatic image analysis. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1992;34(2):111-4. doi: 10.1159/000292738.
• Grover SR, Quinn MA. Is there any value in bimanual pelvic examination as a screening test. Med J Aust. 1995 Apr 17;162(8):408-10.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: November 1, 1995
• Study Completion: July 23, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 19, 2006
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 19, 2006
• First Posted (Estimate): June 21, 2006

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 25, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 24, 2019
• Last Verified: July 23, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Ultrasound; Epidemiology; Hysterectomy; Hyperinsulinemia; Leiomyomas
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Connective Tissue Diseases; Neoplasms, Connective Tissue; Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue; Leiomyoma; Myofibroma
• Other Study ID Numbers: 999995048; OH95-E-N048