Type of Dietary Fat Intakes in Relation to Mortality in US Adults: An Iso-caloric Substitution Analysis From the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Linked to the US Mortality Registry

Background Cancer and cardiovascular diseases combined account for more than 50% of the overall mortality burden in the USA. Accumulating evidence indicates that saturated fat intake is related to an increase, while unsaturated fat intake is related to a decrease in all-causes mortality. Thus, current US dietary guidelines recommend a shift from saturated to unsaturated fat.

Objective The aim of the present study was to estimate the mortality risk reduction related to a dietary change from saturated fat to an equal amount of mono or polyunsaturated fat intake.

Design The American National health and nutrition examination surveys conducted between 1999 and 2010 were linked to the 2011 national US death registry resulting in an observational prospective mortality study. Proportional hazards Cox models were used to evaluate the association between saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fat with all-cause, and cause specific mortality. Substitution analysis was conducted to estimate an iso-caloric substitution of 10% of the energy from dietary fat intake applied to the substitution of saturated fat with an equal amount of energy from mono-unsaturated or poly-unsaturated fat.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Diet Modification
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: fat intake

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 18372

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 30 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Apparently healthy US adults age>=30

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Included NHANES 1999-2010
• age >= 30 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

• Record not reported in the mortality linked file
• Cancer, type-II diabetes, cardiovascular disease at baseline
• Missing data on covariates used in the model

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
all causes and specific cause mortality	specific cause mortality = cancer and cardiovascular disease	up to 9 years of observatinal time

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: North-West University, South Africa

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 1999
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 6, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 14, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): July 18, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 19, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 17, 2017
• Last Verified: July 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: XXXX1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No