Effects of Casein Timing on Body Composition and Performance

Effects of Evening Casein Protein Consumption on Body Composition and Performance

This study will investigate the effects of night time versus day time casein supplementation on body composition and athletic performance. Participants will consume the protein supplements daily while participating in a supervised, periodized resistance training program.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Body Composition
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Protein

Detailed Description

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-, exercise- and diet-controlled design, 60 subjects will participate in a 10-week study to determine the influence of selective protein timing on body composition, metabolic, and performance adaptations to resistance training. Diets will be individually standardized using the Cunningham equation adjusted for activity level to determine total maintenance calories. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins will represent 50, 25, and 25 percent of the determined total calories. Diet counseling will occur weekly until stabilized and biweekly thereafter to ensure compliance with food and fluid intake. Protein will be distributed throughout the day as >0.30g/kg bw/meal for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Resistance training sessions will be supervised by research staff and occur 4 times per week and begin between 7 am and 5pm. Exercises will consist of single- and multi-joint exercises for all major muscle groups (legs, chest, back, shoulders, core, and arms), be performed for 3-5 sets of 1-20 repetitions with 1-5 minutes rest between sets, and each muscle group will undergo 72-96 hours rest between training sessions within the periodized program. Protein supplements. In the treatment group, the casein supplement (40g calcium caseinate dissolved in water) will be consumed as the last meal (>2h following previous meal) before bed and the placebo (40g maltodextrin dissolved in water) either before resistance training, if training after 10am, or after resistance training, if before 10am. The control group will alternate consumption times of the casein supplement and placebo. The supplement (treatment group) or placebo (control group) will not be consumed within 3 hours of beginning or ending resistance training, nor will it be consumed within 3 hours of the first meal following waking. All groups will be provided with 0.30g/kg bw whey protein isolate immediately following training to facilitate recovery. Supplements will be consumed at a similar time of day on non-training days.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 33
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Texas
    • Denton, Texas, United States, 76204
      • Texas Woman's University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 30 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy
• trained (exercises 2-5 days per week for previous 1-3 years)
• maintains regular sleep patterns (7-9 hours per night weekly average)

Exclusion Criteria:

• use of ergogenic aids or medicines known to influence outcomes
• data will be excluded if a participant is <80% compliant with diet and training interventions
• consumes greater than or equal to 12 alcoholic beverages per week
• tobacco use
• dairy allergy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Day; Group receives casein protein during the day (greater than 6 hours before bed).	Dietary supplement: Protein; 40g calcium caseinate
Experimental: Night; Group receives casein protein immediately before going to bed.	Dietary supplement: Protein; 40g calcium caseinate

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in lean soft tissue	estimation of muscle mass by DXA	pre to post over 10 weeks
Changes in squat 1 repetition maximum	measure of lower body strength	pre to post over 10 weeks
Changes in bench press 1 repetition maximum	measure of upper body strength	pre to post over 10 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
changes in fat mass	estimation of body fat by DXA	pre to post over 10 weeks
changes in percent body fat	estimation of body fat by DXA	pre to post over 10 weeks
changes in quadriceps cross-sectional area	measure of muscle hypertrophy	pre to post over 10 weeks
changes in quadriceps muscle thickness	measure of muscle size	pre to post over 10 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Texas Woman's University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Joy JM, Vogel RM, Shane Broughton K, Kudla U, Kerr NY, Davison JM, Wildman REC, DiMarco NM. Daytime and nighttime casein supplements similarly increase muscle size and strength in response to resistance training earlier in the day: a preliminary investigation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 May 15;15(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12970-018-0228-9.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 18, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): November 18, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 16, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 20, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): November 24, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 24, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 20, 2017
• Last Verified: November 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 18896

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No