Enterobius Vermicularis and Bruxism in Children

Evaluation of Relationship Between Enterobius Vermicularis Infection and Bruxism in Children

Background. Bruxism is an involuntary, non-functional activity of the masticatory system, and is frequently seen in childhood. Bruxism has many aetiologies, like malocclusion, psychological factors, allergies and gastrointestinal disorders.

Aim. To investigate the relationship between Enterobius vermicularis infection and bruxism in children.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Bruxism, Sleep
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Bitestrip

Detailed Description

Bruxism has many aetiologies, like occlusal interferences, malocclusion, malnutrition, psychological factors, allergies and gastrointestinal disorders. Among these gastrointestinal disorders, are various intestinal parasitic infections.

Given the controversy surrounding the potential association between bruxism and intestinal parasitic infestations, both important health issues, this study sought to evaluate the relationship between E. vermicularis infection and bruxism in E. vermicularis-positive and E. vermicularis-negative 3-10-year-olds children with bruxism.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 26

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Aydın, Turkey
    • Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 3 years to 10 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The study included E. vermicularis-positive (Group 1, n =13) and E. vermicularis-negative (Group 2: n = 13) children aged between 3-10 years, who were admitted to Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine Paediatric Gastroenterology Clinic.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Teeth-grinding at least once a week in the last 3 months before recruitment according to the criteria established by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM)
• Angle class I occlusion
• Mesial step occlusion according to flush terminal plane.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Treated with anti-helminthic drugs in the last 2 months before recruitment
• Drugs used that could affect the central nervous system and prevent sleep (sedatives, anti-depressants, neuroleptics, anti-muscarinics, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors)
• Sleep disorders (snoring, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea, restless leg syndrome, sleep-related epilepsy)
• Psychiatric or neurological disorders
• Upper respiratory system obstruction (last 15 days),
• Any systemic disease;
• Teeth erosion due to internal (reflux) or external (acidic drinks) factors
• Dermatological problems, associated with the use of BiteStrip (Up2dent, Inc., Pulheim, Germany);
• Unsuitable skin structure;
• Previously diagnosed and treated for bruxism;
• Angle class II or class III occlusion

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Other
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Group 1,; E. vermicularis-positive	Other: Bitestrip; The parents of the patients were asked to complete a survey that included questions about the demographic data, medical history of the patient, clinical findings of E. For diagnosis of sleep bruxism, a single-use BiteStrip® device (Up2dent, Inc.), including an electromyographic electrode, small display screen and lithium cell, was used to record the increased electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles during sleep and bruxism, other harmful oral habits, family life and habits.
Group 2; E. vermicularis-negative	Other: Bitestrip; The parents of the patients were asked to complete a survey that included questions about the demographic data, medical history of the patient, clinical findings of E. For diagnosis of sleep bruxism, a single-use BiteStrip® device (Up2dent, Inc.), including an electromyographic electrode, small display screen and lithium cell, was used to record the increased electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles during sleep and bruxism, other harmful oral habits, family life and habits.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Survey	The parents of the patients were asked to complete a survey that included questions about the demographic data, medical history of the patient, clinical findings of E. vermicularis and bruxism, other harmful oral habits, family life and habits.	24.03.2017-20.05.2018

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oral examination	The patients who had a teeth-grinding habit were invited to, our clinic for clinical evaluation of bruxism. Patients were examined under a reflector light with inspection, palpation and mirror-sond. The extraoral examination evaluated mandibular asymmetry, joint sounds, deviation/deflection during opening/closing actions, sensitivity to palpation of masticatory muscles and pain/tenderness, sensitivity to palpation of the temporomandibular joint and masseter muscle hypertrophy10. The intraoral examination assessed the presence of wear facets on the teeth, according to a modification of the method by Johansson. The assessed teeth included primary incisors, canines and molars, permanent incisors and lower first molars. Scores were calculated as follows: 0 = no wear (none); 1 = enamel wear only (mild); 2 = enamel and dentin wear (moderate); 3 = significant loss of tooth structure (severe).	24.03.2017-20.05.2018

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
BiteStrip	For diagnosis of sleep bruxism, a single-use BiteStrip® device (Up2dent, Inc.), including an electromyographic electrode, small display screen and lithium cell, was used to record the increased electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles during sleep.	24.03.2017-20.05.2018

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Aydin Adnan Menderes University
• Investigators: Study Director: K. Görkem Ulu Güzel, ADU Faculty of Dentistry Paediatric Dentistry Department

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Johansson A, Haraldson T, Omar R, Kiliaridis S, Carlsson GE. A system for assessing the severity and progression of occlusal tooth wear. J Oral Rehabil. 1993 Mar;20(2):125-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1993.tb01596.x.
• Diaz-Serrano KV, da Silva CB, de Albuquerque S, Pereira Saraiva Mda C, Nelson-Filho P. Is there an association between bruxism and intestinal parasitic infestation in children? J Dent Child (Chic). 2008 Sep-Dec;75(3):276-9.
• Mistry P, Moles DR, O'Neill J, Noar J. The occlusal effects of digit sucking habits amongst school children in Northamptonshire (UK). J Orthod. 2010 Jun;37(2):87-92. doi: 10.1179/14653121042939. Erratum In: J Orthod. 2010 Dec;37(4):319.
• Tehrani MH, Pestechian N, Yousefi H, Sekhavati H, Attarzadeh H. The Correlation between Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Bruxism among 3-6 Year-Old Children in Isfahan. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2010 Summer;7(2):51-5.
• Bortoletto CC, Cordeiro da Silva F, Salgueiro Mda C, Motta LJ, Curiki LM, Mesquita-Ferarri RA, Fernandes KP, Bussadori SK. Evaluation of electromyographic signals in children with bruxism before and after therapy with Melissa Officinalis L-a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016 Mar;28(3):738-42. doi: 10.1589/jpts.28.738. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
• Shochat T, Gavish A, Arons E, Hadas N, Molotsky A, Lavie P, Oksenberg A. Validation of the BiteStrip screener for sleep bruxism. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Sep;104(3):e32-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.03.009. Epub 2007 Jul 6.
• Emodi-Perlman A, Eli I, Friedman-Rubin P, Goldsmith C, Reiter S, Winocur E. Bruxism, oral parafunctions, anamnestic and clinical findings of temporomandibular disorders in children. J Oral Rehabil. 2012 Feb;39(2):126-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2011.02254.x. Epub 2011 Sep 15.
• Karakis D, Dogan A. The craniofacial morphology and maximum bite force in sleep bruxism patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Cranio. 2015 Jan;33(1):32-7. doi: 10.1179/2151090314Y.0000000009. Epub 2014 Jun 3.
• Van Wyk JA, Van Rensburg LJ, Heitmann LP. Schistosoma mattheei infection in cattle: the course of the intestinal syndrome, and an estimate of the lethal dose of cercariae. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1997 Mar;64(1):65-75.
• Karakis D, Dogan A, Bek B. Evaluation of the effect of two different occlusal splints on maximum occlusal force in patients with sleep bruxism: a pilot study. J Adv Prosthodont. 2014 Apr;6(2):103-8. doi: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.2.103. Epub 2014 Apr 22.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 15, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 20, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): August 15, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 5, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 6, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): February 7, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 7, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 6, 2019
• Last Verified: February 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Sleep Wake Disorders; Stomatognathic Diseases; Parasomnias; Tooth Diseases; Bruxism; Sleep Bruxism
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2017/003-24.03.2017

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No