Oral Findings In A Group of Egyptian Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Oral Findings In A Group of Egyptian Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most common childhood neuro-developmental disorder that is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms last till adulthood in 65% of cases. ADHD has been reported to have a worldwide prevalence of 5.3% and it is more common in boys than in girls (Ghanizadeh 2008; Serra-Negra et al. 2012 and Shooshtari et al. 2013) The symptoms of ADHD are generally treated through behavioral therapy, with or without pharmacological intervention. Medications prescribed are commonly divided into stimulant or non-stimulant drugs. The stimulant medications (such as methylphenidate and amphetamines) have been implicated in adverse oral effects, such as xerostomia and gingival enlargement. The current evidence is controversial regarding the severity and prevalence of dental caries, dental trauma, periodontal diseases, oral habits and tooth wear among patients with ADHD (Chau et al. 2017).

In the Arab world, few studies have been published on ADHD. Accordingly, in the Arab society and Egypt there are limited data regarding the oral findings of children with ADHD. Owing to the sparsity of these data, this study will be conducted to evaluate different oral characteristics of Egyptian children with ADHD.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Oral Manifestations
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: clinical examination

Detailed Description

Due to lack of published studies about the oral findings of Egyptian Children with ADHD, this study will be conducted to cover this point.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 78

Contacts and Locations

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 3 years to 6 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients referred from Abu El-Reesh and El-Demerdash children hospitals, diagnosed with ADHD.

Control group: A matched group of patients attending at Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.

Patients will be included in the study according to the eligibility criteria.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• - Egyptian children 3-6 years old diagnosed with ADHD.
• Patients taking medications for the treatment of ADHD or not.
• Both male and female patients will be included.

Control Group:

A matched group of healthy children aged 3-6 years old.

Exclusion Criteria:

• - Non-Egyptian children.
• Patients having systemic disorders, such as cerebral palsy or Down's syndrome.
• Patients complaining from any systemic disease

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Other
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
ADHD group; clinical examination	Other: clinical examination; clinical examination for all the oral findings
normal group; clinical examination	Other: clinical examination; clinical examination for all the oral findings

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
oral habits	clinical examination yes/no	6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
DMFT caries index	DMFT D=dacayed M=missed due to caries F=filled T=tooth score 0-20 for primary teeth0 is the best / 20 is the worst	6 months
dental trauma	clinical examination yes/no	6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Cairo University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sara G Hussien, BSc, Resident at pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department; Study Director: Randa Y Abdel Gawad, PhD, Associate Professor at Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): August 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): June 1, 2020
• Study Completion (Anticipated): July 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 19, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 21, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): March 22, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 16, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 13, 2019
• Last Verified: March 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: ADHD; children; caries; oral health; oral findings; oral characteristics; oral habits; dental trauma
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Stomatognathic Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Oral Manifestations
• Other Study ID Numbers: 14422016496994

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No