DAPAgliflozin Sodium Water glucosE EffecTs in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk (DAPA-SWEET)

This study aims to elucidate the impact of SGLT2 inhibition on peripheral vascular function, renal function, fluid volume, neurohormonal activation and inflammatory/fibrotic pathways in patients with T2D at high cardiovascular risk and non-T2D patients.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Risk Factor
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Dapagliflozin 10 MG; Drug: Placebo oral tablet

Detailed Description

In light of EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS Program and DECLARE trials, we aim to elucidate the impact of SGLT2 inhibition on peripheral vascular function while also exploring the effects of this therapy on renal function, fluid volume, neurohormonal activation and inflammatory/fibrotic pathways in patients with T2D at high cardiovascular risk to best replicate the patient populations in recent cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT), who are also participating in ongoing CVOTs such as VERTIS (ertugliflozin), as well as non-T2D patients in other ongoing trials examining cardiorenal effects of these therapies. We will test the hypothesis that in a high- risk population, regardless of T2D status, SGLT2 inhibition will improve markers of arterial stiffness (decreases in pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) in the study cohort - a surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk independent of glucose lowering. In addition, dapagliflozin will improve endothelial function ("flow-mediated vasodilatation" - FMD) and increase natriuresis (fractional excretion of sodium or FENa+), thereby reducing blood pressure, without inducing renal vasoconstriction or activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Based on extensive experimental literature, we also hypothesize that SGLT2 inhibition will suppress levels of pro-inflammatory/fibrotic mediators (see below) that have been linked with progression of cardiovascular and renal disease. The systematic understanding of the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in the setting of patients at high cardiovascular risk will enable the design of rational physiology-based strategies to decrease the burden of cardiorenal disease, which could have important clinical and research implications. Data from DAPA-SWEET will also be valuable to better understand the results of trials that include patients using SGLT2 inhibitors as primary prevention strategies, such as in DECLARE TIMI-58.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 50
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Vesta Lai, RN; Phone Number: 8508 416-340-4800; Email: vesta.lai@uhn.ca
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Yuliya Lytvyn, PhD; Email: Julia.lytvyn@mail.utoronto.ca

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Toronto, Canada
    • Recruiting
    • Renal Physiology Laboratory
    • Principal Investigator: David Cherney, MD, PhD
    • Contact: Vesta Lai, RN; Phone Number: 8508 416-340-4800; Email: vesta.lai@uhn.ca
    • Contact: Yuliya Lytvyn, PhD; Email: Julia.lytvyn@mail.utoronto.ca

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. eGFR ≥30 ml/min/1.73m2
2. In patients with type 2 diabetes, HbA1c <12.0%
3. Body Mass Index (BMI) 18.5-45.0 kg/m2
4. Blood pressure < or = 160/100 at screening (sitting)
5. Stable dose of maximally tolerated ACE inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker or renin inhibitor for at least 30 days
6. Stable diuretic dose for at least 14 days prior to baseline study Visit
7. High cardiovascular risk: an age of 50 years or more with at least one cardiovascular coexisting condition (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic kidney disease of stage 3 or greater, or chronic heart failure of New York Heart Association class II or III) OR an age of 60 years or more with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, as determined by the investigator (microalbuminuria or proteinuria, hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction, or an ankle-brachial index [the ratio of the systolic blood pressure at the ankle to the systolic blood pressure in the arm] of less than 0.9).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Type 1 Diabetes
2. Iodine intolerance
3. Hypersensitivity or allergy to dapagliflozin
4. Use of an SGLT2 inhibitor within 30 days
5. Leukocyte and/or nitrite positive urinalysis that is untreated
6. Severe hypoglycaemia within 1 month prior to screening
7. Unstable coronary artery disease with acute coronary syndrome, percutaneous intervention or bypass surgery within 3 months
8. Clinically significant valvular disease in the opinion of the investigator
9. Congestive heart failure secondary to an infiltrative cardiomyopathic process (for example amyloid) or pericardial constriction
10. Bariatric surgery or other surgeries that induce chronic malabsorption within 1 year;
11. Anti-obesity drugs or diet regimen and unstable body weight three months prior to screening;
12. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids
13. Blood dyscrasias or any disorders causing hemolysis or unstable red blood cells
14. Pre-menopausal women who are nursing, pregnant, or of child-bearing potential and not practicing an acceptable method of birth control
15. Participation in another trial with an investigational drug within 30 days of informed consent
16. Alcohol or drug abuse within three months prior to informed consent that would interfere with trial participation or any ongoing clinical condition that would jeopardize subject safety or study compliance based on investigator judgement
17. Liver disease, defined by serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, or alkaline phosphatase >3 x upper limit of normal as determined during screening
18. Medical history of cancer or treatment for cancer in the last five years prior to screening, aside from uncomplicated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma;
19. Unstable or rapidly progressive renal disease as per investigator judgement
20. Intolerance or sensitivity to SGLT2 inhibitors

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Dapagliflozin Treatment Arm; Dapagliflozin Tablets Total Dose 10mg daily for 12 weeks	Drug: Dapagliflozin 10 MG; Dapagliflozin Tablets Total Dose 10mg daily for 12 weeks
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Arm; Placebo Matching Dapagliflozin Tablet for 12 weeks	Drug: Placebo oral tablet; Placebo once daily for 12 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Arterial stiffness	Measured using a Sphygmocor device	Acute (1 week)
Arterial stiffness	Measured using a Sphygmocor device	Chronic (12 weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Glomerular filtration rate	GFR	Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR, based on plasma iohexol clearance) will be measured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Flow mediated dilation	FMD	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Nitroglycerin mediated dilation		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Systolic blood pressure		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Diastolic blood pressure		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Heart rate		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Echocardiography	Changes to systolic and diastolic function	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Non-Invasive Cardiac Output Monitoring (Measured using a NICOM device)	Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Bioimpedence spectroscopy	Measure of extracellular water	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Plasma concentration of natriuretic peptides		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Plasma concentration of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) hormones		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Nitric oxide		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Fractional excretion of sodium, using lithium clearance as a surrogate for proximal tubular sodium handling		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Urinary concentration of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) markers		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Urinary adenosine		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-6)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of advances glycation end-product (AGE)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
mRNA expression of receptor for AGE (RAGE)	Measured in urine and skin biopsy samples	Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Urinary thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)
Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)		Outcome will remeasured at 2 time points: acute (1 week) and chronic (12 weeks)

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes	Throughout study completion, an average of 12 weeks
Serious adverse events	Throughout study completion, an average of 12 weeks
Drug related adverse events	Throughout study completion, an average of 12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Health Network, Toronto
• Collaborators: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: David ZI Cherney, MD PhD FRCPC, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 10, 2020
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): December 1, 2023
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 23, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 3, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): February 6, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 17, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 15, 2023
• Last Verified: May 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Dapagliflozin; SGLT2 inhibition; Cardiovascular risk
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Hypoglycemic Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Dapagliflozin
• Other Study ID Numbers: 18-5597

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No