Extinction Learning in Adults With Tourette Syndrome

Aversive sensory phenomena such as premonitory urges play a central role in the behavioral treatment model of tics. Extinction learning and extinction recall are learning processes implicated within this model, but are still understudied for individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS). This study examines extinction learning and extinction recall in adults with TS using an experimental task. This study will also explore the relationship between extinction processes (i.e., extinction learning and extinction recall) and treatment outcomes with behavior therapy. Findings from this investigation will be used to update the behavioral treatment model, which serves as the basis for evidence-based behavioral interventions.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Tourette Syndrome; Tic Disorders; Tics; Habit Reversal Training; Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Habit Reversal Training

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 10
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Nicholas Myers; Phone Number: 4432877157; Email: coach@jhmi.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205
      • Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• At least 18 years old,
• Have moderate tic severity or greater as evidenced by a YGTSS Total Tic Score greater than 13 (>9 for youth with motor or vocal tics only)
• Have not received more than 4 previous sessions of HRT
• Be fluent in English
• Medication free or on a stable dose of psychiatric medication for 8 weeks prior to enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• An inability to complete rating scales
• An inability to attend study visits

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Habit Reversal Training; Habit Reversal Training (HRT) is a multi-component evidence-based treatment for tics. It will be delivered over 8 hours of treatment.	Behavioral: Habit Reversal Training; Habit Reversal Training (HRT) is a multi-component evidence-based treatment for tics.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Tic severity as assessed by the Hopkins Motor and Vocal Tic Scale (HM/VTS)	Patient will nominate up to five motor and five vocal tics they deem bothersome on the HM/VTS. Each bothersome tic is then rated by a clinician on the composite two (vocal and motor) 5-point HM/VTS scale ranging from none (0) to severe (4) for the motor as well as vocal tics. The individual tic scores are summed (minimum of 0 and maximum of 40) and averaged together to create an average tic severity score.	Within 1 week after completion of HRT

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Tic severity as assessed by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Revised (YGTSS)	The YGTSS is a clinician-rated semi-structured interview that measures tic symptom severity over the previous week. It consists of 10-items that assess different dimensions of tic severity for motor and vocal tics, which are rated on a 0-5 scale. The YGTSS produces a Total Tic Score (range: 0-50), with higher ratings indicating greater tic severity. The YGTSS has demonstrated treatment sensitivity to pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions.	Within 1 week after completion of HRT

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Johns Hopkins University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Joseph F McGuire, PhD, Johns Hopkins University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 18, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 22, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): October 17, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 31, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 31, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): August 4, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 23, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 20, 2023
• Last Verified: October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Tourette's Disorder; Behavior Therapy; Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics; Habit Reversal Training; Extinction Learning
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Pathologic Processes; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Disease; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Movement Disorders; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Syndrome; Tourette Syndrome; Tic Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB00256962

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No