- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04766411
Recovery Kinetics After Different Sprint Training Protocols (STRecovery) (STRecovery)
Recovery Kinetics After Different Sprint Training Protocols
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Detailed Description
Speed is one of the most important physical capacities for many sports, especially those that include speed and power as a major element, and plays a major role on performance. Thus, running speed improvement consists one of the most basic aims of a sprinter's and a power athlete's training program. One of the most commonly used strategies to improve the initial acceleration phase, is resisted sprint training. Evidence suggests that resisted sprint training is more effective in improving acceleration compared to sprint training without additional load. Sprinting is performed through the stretch-shortening cycle, where the pre-activated muscle is first stretched (eccentric action) and then followed by the shortening (concentric) action. Thus, sprint training highly includes the component of eccentric contraction. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Although concentric and isometric exercise may also lead to muscle injury, the amount of damage after eccentric muscle contractions is greater. EIMD, amongst others, is accompanied by increased levels of creatine kinase (CK) into the circulation, increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), reduction of force production, reduction of agility and speed. Nevertheless, despite the fact that sprint training comprises eccentric muscle actions and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute sprint training have not been adequately studied. However, such information is critical for both coaches and athletes to effectively design the training microcycles and incorporate the training components, as well as to reduce injury risk.
The aim of the present study is to examine the recovery kinetics of EIMD indices, muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue, after different sprint training protocols.
According to a preliminary power analysis (a probability error of 0.05, and a statistical power of 80%), a sample size of 8 - 10 subjects per group was considered appropriate in order to detect statistically meaningful changes between groups.
The study will be performed in a randomized, cross over, repeated measures design. During the first 1st and 2nd visit, all participants will sign an informed consent form after they will be informed about all the benefits and risks of the study and they will fill in and sign a medical history questionnaire. Fasting blood samples will be collected in order to estimate muscle damage concentration markers. Participants will be instructed by a dietitian how to record a 7-days diet recalls to ensure that they do not consume to greater extent nutrients that may affect EIMD and fatigue (e.g. antioxidants, amino acids, etc.) and to ensure that the energy intake during the trials will be the same. Assessment of body mass and body height, body composition, and aerobic capacity (VO2max), will be performed. Running speed of 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint will be measured on a track and field stadium. Squat jump and countermovement jump will be performed on a force platform to assess jump height, ground reaction force, peak and mean power, vertical stiffness and peak rate of force development; at the same time, peak and mean normalized EMG during the concentric phase of the squat jump, and during eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles will be assessed. The peak concentric, eccentric and isometric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors at 65o in both limbs, as well as the fatigue rate during MVIC through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-sec MVIC.
During the 3rd visit, participants will be randomly assigned into, and perform one of the four different conditions of the study design: a) unresisted sprint training, b) resisted sprint training with a load of 10% of body weight (BW), c) resisted sprint training with a load of 20% of BW d) control condition. Prior to each experimental protocol, assessment of DOMS in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs, as well as blood lactate assessment will be performed. Additionally, DOMS of KF and KE, running speed at 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint, peak concentric, eccentric and isometric isokinetic torque, squat and countermovement jump height, as well as ground reaction force, peak and mean power, vertical stiffness and peak rate of force development during squat and countermovement jump, alongside with peak and mean normalized electromyography (EMG) during the concentric phase of the squat jump, and during eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles will be assessed immediately after, 24h, 48h and 72h after the end of the trial. MVIC of the knee extensors of both limbs, as well as the fatigue rate during MVIC will also be assessed at 1h, 2h and 3h, as well as 24h, 48h, and 72h after the end of the trial. Blood lactate will also be assessed at 4 min, while creatine kinase at 24h, 48h, and 72h after the end of the trial. The exact above procedures will be repeated by the participants during the remaining three experimental trials (7th - 10th, 11th - 13th, and 14th - 16th visits).
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Thessaly
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Trikala, Thessaly, Greece, 42100
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Srinters or athletes that comprise sprint training in their training programs
- Absense of musculoskeletal injuries (≥ 6 months)
- Abstence from use of ergogenic supplements or other drugs (≥ 1 month)
- Abstence from participation at exercise with eccentric component (≥ 3 days)
- Abstence from alcohol and energy drings consumption before each experimental trial
Exclusion Criteria:
- Musculoskeletal injuries (≤ 6 months)
- Use of ergogenic supplements or other drugs (≤ 1 month)
- Participation at exercise with eccentric component (≤ 3 days)
- Alcohol and energy drings consumption before the experimental trials
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Screening
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Unresisted sprint training
Participants will perform an acute training bout of unresisted sprints.
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Particiapants will perform: 2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint 1 set of 3 x 30m sprint |
Experimental: Resisted sprint training with load equal to 10% of body weight
Participants will perform an acute training bout of resisted sprints with load equal to 10% of body weight.
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Particiapants will perform: 2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint 1 set of 3 x 30m sprint |
Experimental: Resisted sprint training with load equal to 20% of body weight
Participants will perform an acute training bout of resisted sprints with load equal to 20% of body weight.
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Particiapants will perform: 2 sets of 3 x 20m sprint 1 set of 3 x 30m sprint |
Experimental: Control trial
Participants will perform no training protocol.
They will only perform all the measurements.
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Participants will not perform any sprint training protocol
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Changes in Creatine kinase
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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CK will be measured in plasma using a Clinical Chemistry Analyzer with commercially available kits.
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Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in DOMS
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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DOMS of knee extensors and knee flexors of both lower extremities will be measured during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal regionafter performing three repetitions of a full squat.
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Baseline (pre), post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in blood lactate
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-trial
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Lactate will be measured in capillary blood with a hand-portable analyzer.
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Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-trial
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Changes in 10m sprint time
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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20m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in 20m sprint time
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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20m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in 30m sprint time
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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30m sprint time will be measured using light cells Chronojump system.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in squat jump height
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Squat jump height will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in ground reaction force (GRF) during squat jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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GRF during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in peak power during squat jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Peak power during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in mean power during squat jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Mean power during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in vertical stiffness during squat jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Vertical stiffness during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in peak rate of force development (RFD) during squat jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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RFD during squat jump will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in peak normalized EMG during squat jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles during the concentric phase of the squat jump.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in mean normalized EMG during squat jump test.
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles during the concentric phase of the squat jump.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in countermovement jump height
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Countermovement jump height will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in ground reaction force (GRF) during countermovement jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
GRF will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Changes in peak power during countermovement jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Peak power will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Changes in mean power during countermovement jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Mean power will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Changes in vertical stiffness during countermovement jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Vertical stiffnesswill be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Changes in peak rate of force development (RFD) during countermovement jump
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
RFD will be measured on a dynamometer using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Changes in peak normalized EMG during countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus maximum muscles during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Changes in mean normalized EMG during countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus maximum muscles during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test.
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in peak concentric torque
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in peak eccentric torque
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in peak isometric torque
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Concentric torque of knee extensors and knee flexors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
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Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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MVIC of knee extensors will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
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Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Changes in fatigue rate of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Fatigue rate during MVIC will be estimated through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-second maximal isometric contaction
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Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
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Change in field activity during the sprint training protocols
Time Frame: Throughout the sprint training protocols
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Field activity will be continuously recorded during the sprint training protocols using global positioning system (GPS) technology
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Throughout the sprint training protocols
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Change in heart rate during the sprint training protocols
Time Frame: Throughout the sprint training protocols
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Heart rate will be continuously recorded during during the sprint training protocols using heart rate monitors
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Throughout the sprint training protocols
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Body mass index (BMI)
Time Frame: Baseline
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BMI will be calculated from the ratio of body mass/ body height squared
|
Baseline
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Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
Maximal oxygen consumption will be measured by open circuit spirometry via breath by breath method
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Baseline
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Body fat
Time Frame: Baseline
|
Body fat will be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry
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Baseline
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Lean body mass
Time Frame: Baseline
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Lean body mass will be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry
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Baseline
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Dietary intake
Time Frame: Baseline
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Dietary intake will be assessed using 7-day diet recalls
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Baseline
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Body weight
Time Frame: Baseline
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Body weight will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer
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Baseline
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Body height
Time Frame: Baseline
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Body height will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer
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Baseline
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Chariklia K Deli, PhD, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Georgakouli K, Zalavras A, Avloniti A, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2017 Aug;29(3):316-325. doi: 10.1123/pes.2016-0185. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
- Zafeiridis A, Saraslanidis P, Manou V, Ioakimidis P, Dipla K, Kellis S. The effects of resisted sled-pulling sprint training on acceleration and maximum speed performance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005 Sep;45(3):284-90.
- Bachero-Mena B, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Effects of resisted sprint training on acceleration with three different loads accounting for 5, 12.5, and 20% of body mass. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2954-60. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000492.
- Baird MF, Graham SM, Baker JS, Bickerstaff GF. Creatine-kinase- and exercise-related muscle damage implications for muscle performance and recovery. J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:960363. doi: 10.1155/2012/960363. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
- Petrakos G, Morin JB, Egan B. Resisted Sled Sprint Training to Improve Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2016 Mar;46(3):381-400. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0422-8.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- Sprint training-Recovery Study
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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