Development and Validation of a Health-related Quality of Life Tool for Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis

What is the purpose of this research?

This study includes two parts based in two NHS specialist centres for cardiac sarcoidosis:

• Development of the CARD-SARC: Development of the new questionnaire to measure quality of life in cardiac sarcoidosis patients (the CARD-SARC questionnaire)
• Validation of the CARD-SARC: Evaluation of how good the CARD-SARC questionnaire is at measuring quality of life changes in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Detailed Description

What would taking part involve?

First, we would like to talk with a group of patients (between 6 to 20) about the impact of cardiac sarcoidosis in their quality of life during an interview. We will review and analysed these interviews. Then, we will compare with what is already know about cardiac sarcoidosis and its impact on quality of life. Also, we will ask healthcare professionals working with cardiac sarcoidosis patients to review our results. Finally, we will use this information to create the first draft of the new questionnaire (CARD-SARC questionnaire)to measure quality of life in cardiac sarcoidosis patients.

Second, we will ask 20 patients with cardiac sarcoidosis to complete the draft version of the CARD-SARC questionnaire. Also, they will complete validated quality of life questionnaires (for general population or sarcoidosis patients) and questionnaires that explore potential symptoms of fatigue, anxiety and depression. We will compare an review these results to confirm that the CARD-SARC questionnaire is ready for evaluation.

Third, we will ask 100 cardiac sarcoidosis patients to complete the CARD-SARC questionnaire and the validated questionnaires (for quality of life and potential sarcoidosis symptoms) to evaluate how good the CARD-SARC is at measuring quality of life changes in cardiac sarcoidosis patients.

How will patients or the public help guide the research?

This work has been influenced and designed with people living with cardiac sarcoidosis. SarcoidosisUK, the UK sarcoidosis charity, has been supportive and engaged on this work. Likewise, five expert patients with cardiac sarcoidosis have also agreed to lead, contribute and advice on relevant aspects of the study, and to participate sharing the results to the public, patients and professional groups.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 130

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB20AY
    • Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
  • London, United Kingdom, EC1A 7DN
    • St Bartholomew's Hospital - Barts Health NHS Trust

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 120 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Using the WASOG criteria, participants will be adult patients attending the Outpatients Department with a probable (50-90% likelihood) or highly probable (>90% likelihood) diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) by a multidisciplinary team meeting in a CS-specialist centre.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult (≥ 18 years)
• Patients with a probable (50-90% likelihood) or highly probable (>90% likelihood) diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) by a multidisciplinary team meeting in a CS-specialist centre as per the WASOG criteria
• Patients attending outpatient clinics in a CS-specialist centre

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable or unwilling to give informed consent
• Unable or unwilling to give and/or complete the study questionnaires • Inability to understand written and/or verbal English

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Development of the CARD-SARC (n=20); Interviews: 6-20 participants (depending of data saturation) will be recruited using a convenience sampling strategy.; Field-testing: 20 participants using a convenience/consecutive sampling strategy.
Validation of the CARD-SARC (n=100); The CS-specialist centres (Barts Health NHS Trust and Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust) have a cohort of 60-70 potential candidates in each site. The estimated sample size for the Pilot-testing is 100 study participants, considering previous sarcoidosis studies including PROMs, with less than 10% population declining participation or failing to complete their questionnaires.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
To develop and validate a disease-specific HRQoL tool (CARD-SARC) for people diagnosed with cardiac sarcoidosis.	Patient-related research activities include semi-structured interviews for item generation (McMaster framework step 1 - item selection), field-testing for the development of the CARD-SARC questionnaire (McMaster framework step 3 - item reduction) and a pilot-testing for the validation of the CARD-SARC (steps 4-6 - determination of reliability, validity and responsiveness).	12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The CARD-SARC questionnaire (new HRQoL-questionnaire for cardiac sarcoidosis).	To determine reliability, validity and responsiveness of the CARD-SARC: Internal consistency to determine if the CARD-SARC can be used as questionnaire to measure longitudinal changes in HRQoL in CS patients.; Test-retest reliability to determine the concordance of two separated self-administration of the CARD-SARC.; Longitudinal construct validity to determine the correlation between changes in the CARD-SARC and an external measure over time.; Index of responsiveness for the CARD-SARC. The CARD-SARC will be self-completed by participants at baseline and weeks 2,12,24,52.	12 months
The 5-Levels of severity for the EuroQoL 5- Dimensions (EQ5D-5L) questionnaire.	This is a generic HRQoL/health status questionnaire. The EQ5D-5 consists of five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) each with five levels of health response and a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 0-100 (0 being the worst possible health imaginable and 100 being the best possible health imaginable). The EQ5D-5L will be self-completed by participants at baseline and weeks 2,12,24,52 to assess HRQoL in CS patients using two standardised HRQoL-tools (EQ5D-5L and SF-36).	12 months
The Short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire.	This is a generic HRQoL/health status questionnaire. The SF-36 consists in eight scales eight dimension to measure two components: physical and mental summary scores ranging from 0-100. The physical component summary (PCS) includes physical functioning (10-items), role physical (4-items), bodily pain (2-items), general health (5-items). The mental component summary (MCS) includes vitality (4-items), social functioning (2-items), role emotional (3-items), mental health (5-items). Individual scores (0-100) can be obtained by weighted sums of the questions for each of the eight domains. The SF-36 will be self-completed by participants at baseline and weeks 2,12,24,52 to assess HRQoL in CS patients using two standardised HRQoL-tools (EQ5D-5L and SF-36).	12 months
The Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire (SHQ) questionnaire.	This is a sarcoidosis-specific HRQoL questionnaire. The SHQ contains 29-items covering three domains: daily functioning, physical functioning, and emotional functioning. The responses range from "all of the time" (score of 1) to "none of the time" (score of 7). Higher score indicate better HRQoL. The SHQ will be self-completed by participants at baseline and weeks 2,12,24,52 to compare HRQoL in CS patients using three (non-cardiac) sarcoidosis-specific PROMs (SHQ, KSQ and SAT).	12 months
The King's Sarcoidosis Questionnaire (KSQ) questionnaire.	This is a sarcoidosis-specific HRQoL questionnaire. The KSQ contains 29-item covering five modules: general HRQoL (10- items), medications (3-items), lung (6-items), skin (3-items) and eyes (7- items). The KSQ is scored a re-ordered response scale ranging from 1 ("all of the time" or "a huge amount") to 7 ("none of the time" or "none at all"). The KSQ will be self-completed by participants at baseline and weeks 2,12,24,52 to compare HRQoL in CS patients using three (non-cardiac) sarcoidosis-specific PROMs (SHQ, KSQ and SAT).	12 months
The Sarcoidosis Assessment Tool (SAT).	This is a sarcoidosis-specific HRQoL questionnaire. The formatted version of the SAT contains 51-items covering components for physical functioning, satisfaction with roles and activities, fatigue, pain interference, sleep disturbance, sarcoidosis-lung concerns, sarcoidosis-skin concerns, and sarcoidosis-skin stigma. The responses ranging from 1 to 5 with different response options ("not at all" to "very much"; "unable to do" to "without any difficulty"; or "never" to "always"). The SAT will be self-completed by participants at baseline and weeks 2,12,24,52 to compare HRQoL in CS patients using three (non-cardiac) sarcoidosis-specific PROMs (SHQ, KSQ and SAT).	12 months
The Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS).	The FAS is a one-dimensional fatigue questionnaire reflecting on physical (5-items) and mental fatigue (5-items). Each item has a five-point rating scare, ranging from "1-never" to "5-always". The score of FAS ranges from 10-50, with a well-defined cut-off for fatigue of >21 points. The FAS will be self-completed (optional) by participants at baseline and weeks 2,12,24,52 to assess fatigue in CS patients.	12 months
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).	The HADS is 14-item scale on a 4-point Likert scale (0-3) containing two subscales for anxiety and depression (7 items each subscale). The total score for each subscale is the sum of the respective items (ranging from 0-21). The HADS will be self-completed (optional) by participants at baseline and weeks 2,12,24,52 to assess anxiety and depression in CS patients.	12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Queen Mary University of London
• Collaborators: Barts & The London NHS Trust; Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 11, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 31, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 16, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 22, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): December 6, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 2, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 26, 2026
• Last Verified: February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: health-related quality of life; cardiac sarcoidosis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Immune System Diseases; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Sarcoidosis
• Other Study ID Numbers: 143251; 256815 (Other Identifier: IRAS)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No