Evaluation of Common Bean Baked Snack Consumption on Subjective Satiety, Energy Intake and Glycemic Response in People With Overweight and Normal Weight

Effect of Common Bean Baked Snack (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Consumption on Blood Lipid Levels and Hormones Regulating Appetite and Satiety: Randomized Crossover Clinical Trials

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are associated with an unbalanced energy intake caused by unhealthy dietary habits, including a constant consumption of energy-dense foods, saturated and trans fats, refined sugars, along with a deficient protein and dietary fiber intake. Pulse consumption has been demonstrated to improve long-term body weight management. Despite these benefits, in several regions, the consumption of pulses does not meet the local recommendations. Consequently, pulse research has increased widely in order to provide food alternatives reformulated with pulses to promote their consumption.

Hypothesis: The consumption of a common bean baked snack (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cooked beans increases satiety, reduces energy intake and produce a low glycemic response in people with overweight and normal weight.

Objectives: Evaluate the acute effect of a common bean baked snack and cooked bean consumption on subjective satiety and energy intake in people with overweight and normal weight.

Material and Methods: Randomized crossover clinical trial, 18 subjects with normal weight and 18 subjects with overweight, 18-50 years old, consumption of 40 g of common bean baked snack, cooked beans and white bread (control). Subjective satiety, energy intake and glycemic response.

• Intervention A: Common bean baked snack.
• Intervention B: Cooked beans.
• Control: White bread.

Additionally, the glycemic index will be determined under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26642:2010.

10 subjects with normal weight or overweight, 18-50 years old, consumption of 54 g of common bean baked snack and 25 g of anhydrous glucose.

• Intervention A: Common bean baked snack.
• Control: Anhydrous glucose

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy; Overweight
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Common bean baked snack; Other: Cooked beans; Other: White bread; Other: Anhydrous glucose (first session) (for glycemic index determination); Other: Anhydrous glucose (second session) (for glycemic index determination); Other: Common bean baked snack (for glycemic index determination)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 18
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Mexico
  • Jalisco
    • Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, 44340
      • Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI between 18.0 and 29.9 kg/m2,

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy,
• Lactation,
• Established plans to lose or gain weight in the next three weeks,
• Surgical event or modification of diet or physical activity in the last three months,
• Diagnosis of diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorder, pancreatitis, kidney, liver or thyroid disease,
• Eating disorder,
• Smoking or drug use,
• Sensitivity for common bean consumption,
• Pharmacological treatment or consumption of non-prescription drugs, herbal or nutritional supplements known to modify appetite or satiety.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Normal weight; People with normal weight will consume 40 g of common bean baked snack, cooked beans or white bread for a single occasion.	Other: Common bean baked snack; Participants with normal weight (n=18) and with overweight (n=18) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. Initially, they are going to complete a physical activity questionnaire, and the first visual analog scale (VAS) of subjective satiety questionnaire followed by a finger-prick blood sample. Immediately, they will be instructed to consume 40 g of the preload (common bean baked snack, cooked beans or white bread) along with 100 mL of water within 10 min. The VAS and blood glucose will be measured every 15 min after starting to eat the test food. Another VAS will be used to assess the palatability of the preload products. After 45 min, an ad libitum meal consisting of freshly prepared sandwiches and 250 mL of water will be served in a single portion. Finally, the VAS of subjective satiety is going to be assessed again.; Other: Cooked beans; Participants with normal weight (n=18) and with overweight (n=18) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. Initially, they are going to complete a physical activity questionnaire, and the first visual analog scale (VAS) of subjective satiety questionnaire followed by a finger-prick blood sample. Immediately, they will be instructed to consume 40 g of the preload (common bean baked snack, cooked beans or white bread) along with 100 mL of water within 10 min. The VAS and blood glucose will be measured every 15 min after starting to eat the test food. Another VAS will be used to assess the palatability of the preload products. After 45 min, an ad libitum meal consisting of freshly prepared sandwiches and 250 mL of water will be served in a single portion. Finally, the VAS of subjective satiety is going to be assessed again.; Other: White bread; Participants with normal weight (n=18) and with overweight (n=18) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. Initially, they are going to complete a physical activity questionnaire, and the first visual analog scale (VAS) of subjective satiety questionnaire followed by a finger-prick blood sample. Immediately, they will be instructed to consume 40 g of the preload (common bean baked snack, cooked beans or white bread) along with 100 mL of water within 10 min. The VAS and blood glucose will be measured every 15 min after starting to eat the test food. Another VAS will be used to assess the palatability of the preload products. After 45 min, an ad libitum meal consisting of freshly prepared sandwiches and 250 mL of water will be served in a single portion. Finally, the VAS of subjective satiety is going to be assessed again.
Experimental: Overweight; People with overweight will consume 40 g of common bean baked snack, cooked beans or white bread for a single occasion.	Other: Common bean baked snack; Participants with normal weight (n=18) and with overweight (n=18) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. Initially, they are going to complete a physical activity questionnaire, and the first visual analog scale (VAS) of subjective satiety questionnaire followed by a finger-prick blood sample. Immediately, they will be instructed to consume 40 g of the preload (common bean baked snack, cooked beans or white bread) along with 100 mL of water within 10 min. The VAS and blood glucose will be measured every 15 min after starting to eat the test food. Another VAS will be used to assess the palatability of the preload products. After 45 min, an ad libitum meal consisting of freshly prepared sandwiches and 250 mL of water will be served in a single portion. Finally, the VAS of subjective satiety is going to be assessed again.; Other: Cooked beans; Participants with normal weight (n=18) and with overweight (n=18) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. Initially, they are going to complete a physical activity questionnaire, and the first visual analog scale (VAS) of subjective satiety questionnaire followed by a finger-prick blood sample. Immediately, they will be instructed to consume 40 g of the preload (common bean baked snack, cooked beans or white bread) along with 100 mL of water within 10 min. The VAS and blood glucose will be measured every 15 min after starting to eat the test food. Another VAS will be used to assess the palatability of the preload products. After 45 min, an ad libitum meal consisting of freshly prepared sandwiches and 250 mL of water will be served in a single portion. Finally, the VAS of subjective satiety is going to be assessed again.; Other: White bread; Participants with normal weight (n=18) and with overweight (n=18) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. Initially, they are going to complete a physical activity questionnaire, and the first visual analog scale (VAS) of subjective satiety questionnaire followed by a finger-prick blood sample. Immediately, they will be instructed to consume 40 g of the preload (common bean baked snack, cooked beans or white bread) along with 100 mL of water within 10 min. The VAS and blood glucose will be measured every 15 min after starting to eat the test food. Another VAS will be used to assess the palatability of the preload products. After 45 min, an ad libitum meal consisting of freshly prepared sandwiches and 250 mL of water will be served in a single portion. Finally, the VAS of subjective satiety is going to be assessed again.
Experimental: Glycemic index; Determination of glycemic index under the ISO 26642:2010.	Other: Anhydrous glucose (first session) (for glycemic index determination); Participants with normal weight or overweight (n=10) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. At first, two baseline finger-prick blood samples will be collected with 5 min between the samples. Then, they are going to consume a reference glucose solution containing 25 g of anhydrous glucose per 250 mL of water within 12-15 min. Later, finger-prick blood samples will be taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after starting to drink the reference glucose solution. Areas under the glucose response curves (iAUC) will be calculated using the trapezoidal rule, ignoring the areas below the fasting value.; Other: Anhydrous glucose (second session) (for glycemic index determination); Participants with normal weight or overweight (n=10) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. At first, two baseline finger-prick blood samples will be collected with 5 min between the samples. Then, they are going to consume 54 g of common bean baked snack with 250 mL of water within 12-15 min. Later, finger-prick blood samples will be taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after starting to eat the test food. Areas under the glucose response curves (iAUC) will be calculated using the trapezoidal rule, ignoring the areas below the fasting value.; Other: Common bean baked snack (for glycemic index determination); Participants with normal weight or overweight (n=10) will attend the institute after 10-14 h fasting. At first, two baseline finger-prick blood samples will be collected with 5 min between the samples. Then, they are going to consume 54 g of common bean baked snack with 250 mL of water within 12-15 min. Later, finger-prick blood samples will be taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after starting to eat the test food. Areas under the glucose response curves (iAUC) will be calculated using the trapezoidal rule, ignoring the areas below the fasting value.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Subjective Satiety	Subjective satiety will be measured using a 100-mm visual analogue scale [0 mm (not at all) - 100 mm (completely)] at 0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes after ingestion of the test meals. The scale comprises different perceptions of satiety including: hunger, fullness, prospective food intake, and thirst.	45 minutes period, every 15 min after ingestion of the test meal.
Ad libitum energy intake (kcal)	Participants will consume sandwiches until they feel comfortably satisfied. The calories consumed will be calculated from the difference in weight of the initial and final portions of the sandwiches, using the nutritional information on the label of the package of each ingredient.	45 minutes after ingestion of the test meal.
0-45 minutes Glycemic response	Capillary blood glucose (mg/dL)	0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes after ingestion of the test meal.
0-120 minutes Glycemic response	Capillary blood glucose (mg/dL)	0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after ingestion of the test meal.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico
• Collaborators: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Edgar A. Rivera León, PhD, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 15, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 11, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): April 11, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 17, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 28, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): February 9, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 20, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 19, 2022
• Last Verified: July 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Functional food; Common bean; Snack; Cooked beans
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Body Weight; Overweight
• Other Study ID Numbers: CI-09620b

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No
• IPD Plan Description: Non-shareable data.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No