Meditation and Opioid Consumption in Total Joint Replacement Patients Undergo Primary Total Hip and Knee Replacement

The Effect of Mindful Meditation on Opioid Consumption in Patients Who Undergo Primary Total Hip and Knee Replacement

The main purpose of this study is to look at whether meditation techniques can help reduce pain and opioid use after surgery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Knee Osteoarthritis; Osteo Arthritis Knee; Knee Injuries; Osteonecrosis; Opioid Use Disorder; Opioid Dependence; Arthropathy of Knee; Opioid Use; Meditation; Knee Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Mindful meditation

Detailed Description

Background: The Center for Disease Control identified prescription drug abuse as one of the top 5 current health threats in the US. Orthopedic Surgeons rank among the top 3 prescribers of opioid analgesics. Opioids are commonly used following total knee arthroplasty. Peri- operative protocols have been developed to reduce opioid intake however complications related to opioid analgesics remain problematic resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. There is a pressing need for non-narcotic adjuncts that can minimize /eliminate the use of opioids following elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Mind-body techniques including mindful medication (MM) have been demonstrated to reduce pain in acute and chronic disease states.

Purpose: To determine whether mindful meditation, in conjunction with standard analgesic protocols, can impact opioid consumption, pain and function following elective primary TKA.

Methods: a prospective, randomized control trial was conducted in patients aged 18-99 with degenerative joint disease of the knee presenting for primary TKA. Controls received standard perioperative analgesia. In additional to standard analgesia, study patients performed Isha-Krya meditation peri-operatively for 2 weeks followed by 4 weeks post operatively. Outcome measures: opioid consumption, time to discontinue opioids, Pain by Visual Analog Score (VAS), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 10 (PROMIS-10) Global Health Short Form, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 29
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
      • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 89 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• • Male and female, ages 18-89 years

  • Narcotic naive patients ("Narcotic naïve" for the purpose of this study will be no history of narcotic tolerance prior to surgery, defined by the FDA as greater than or equal to 60mg oral morphine equivalents per day for 7 days or longer)
  • Scheduled for primary total knee replacement for osteoarthritis
  • Willing to sign informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Surgery to be performed for other disease entities (e.g., inflammatory arthritis, post septic arthritis, posttraumatic arthritis or acute fracture)

  • History of narcotic tolerance prior to surgery (defined by the FDA as greater than or equal to 60mg oral morphine equivalents per day for 7 days or longer)
  • Currently taking non-narcotic analgesics other than acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (e.g. Tramadol)
  • History of pain syndromes (e.g., fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, chronic low back pain)
  • Dementia or other disorder of cognitive function that precludes study consent and/or participation in the MM program
  • In investigator's opinion, unable to complete study tasks over 12-month follow-up period

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control; This group will undergo a standardized conventional intra-operative and postoperative analgesia regimen. Anesthetic type and postoperative analgesia will be standardized.
Experimental: Mindful meditation; Start the MM program 2 weeks preoperatively and continue for 30 days post operatively. Study subjects will meet with the meditation instructor for 30 minutes once, 2 weeks prior to surgery, and daily during hospital admission following total joint replacement (TJR). Throughout the intervention period, subjects will be asked to practice daily 15 minutes twice a day, and record their daily meditation experience. Upon discharge from hospital, subjects will receive telephone follow up sessions with the research assistant weekly until 30 days have elapsed. Subjects will be required to show compliance by recording their daily meditation experience in the Daily Meditation Diary (Post-op). At the end of the meditation intervention period, subjects will be asked to provide their feedback in the Patient Satisfaction Survey. Will undergo a standardized, conventional intra-operative postoperative analgesia regimen in addition to the meditation intervention. Anesthetic type will be standardized	Behavioral: Mindful meditation; Adding mindful meditation to pre- and post-operative care for patients who are having a TKA; Other Names: meditation; Isha Kriya meditation; Sadhguru meditation

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Post-operative pain	visual analog scale (VAS) pain score. Scores are recorded by making a handwritten mark on a 10-cm line that represents a continuum between "no pain" and "worst pain. A higher score (closer to 10mm) is worse pain and a worse outcome.	12 months
Narcotic consumption	Measuring the amount of opioids taken	12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Length of stay	Monitoring how long the patient was in the hospital	Recorded at time of discharge (up to 4 days post-operatively)
Discharge to extended care facilities	Recording where the patient was discharged too	Recorded at time of discharge (up to 5 days post-operatively)
Hospital readmission	Recording whether or not the patient was readmitted to the hospital	90 days post-operatively
PROMIS mental health score	PROMIS mental health survey. The measures are generic, rather than disease-specific, and use an "In General" item context as it is intended to globally reflect individuals' assessment of their health. It is a survey of 10 questions which gives a physical health and mental health score. The raw global health mental score (4-20) is converted to a mental health T score (16.2-67.7). The higher the score, the better the health outcome.	90 days post-operatively
PROMIS physical health score	PROMIS physical health survey. The measures are generic, rather than disease-specific, and use an "In General" item context as it is intended to globally reflect individuals' assessment of their health. It is a survey of 10 questions which gives a physical health and mental health score. The raw global health physical score (4-20) is converted to a physical health T score (16.2-67.7). The higher the score, the better the health outcome.	90 days post-operatively
KOOS Jr Score	KOOS JR survey. The KOOS, JR contains 7 items from the original KOOS survey. Items are coded from 0 to 4, none to extreme respectively. KOOS, JR is scored by summing the raw response (range 0-28) and then converting it to an interval score using the table provided below. The interval score ranges from 0 to 100 where 0 represents total knee disability and 100 represents perfect knee health.	90 days post-operatively

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jacob Drew, MD, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center 330 Brookline Ave Boston, MA 02215

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Goesling J, Moser SE, Zaidi B, Hassett AL, Hilliard P, Hallstrom B, Clauw DJ, Brummett CM. Trends and predictors of opioid use after total knee and total hip arthroplasty. Pain. 2016 Jun;157(6):1259-1265. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000516.
• Jordan JM, Helmick CG, Renner JB, Luta G, Dragomir AD, Woodard J, Fang F, Schwartz TA, Abbate LM, Callahan LF, Kalsbeek WD, Hochberg MC. Prevalence of knee symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. J Rheumatol. 2007 Jan;34(1):172-80.
• Parvataneni HK, Shah VP, Howard H, Cole N, Ranawat AS, Ranawat CS. Controlling pain after total hip and knee arthroplasty using a multimodal protocol with local periarticular injections: a prospective randomized study. J Arthroplasty. 2007 Sep;22(6 Suppl 2):33-8. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2007.03.034. Epub 2007 Jul 26.
• Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M. Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Apr;89(4):780-5. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.00222.
• Rangasamy V, Thampi Susheela A, Mueller A, F H Chang T, Sadhasivam S, Subramaniam B. The effect of a one-time 15-minute guided meditation (Isha Kriya) on stress and mood disturbances among operating room professionals: a prospective interventional pilot study. F1000Res. 2019 Mar 26;8:335. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.18446.1. eCollection 2019.
• Manchikanti L, Helm S 2nd, Fellows B, Janata JW, Pampati V, Grider JS, Boswell MV. Opioid epidemic in the United States. Pain Physician. 2012 Jul;15(3 Suppl):ES9-38.
• Simkin DR, Black NB. Meditation and mindfulness in clinical practice. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2014 Jul;23(3):487-534. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2014.03.002.
• Volkow ND, McLellan TA, Cotto JH, Karithanom M, Weiss SR. Characteristics of opioid prescriptions in 2009. JAMA. 2011 Apr 6;305(13):1299-301. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.401. No abstract available.
• Jordan JM, Helmick CG, Renner JB, Luta G, Dragomir AD, Woodard J, Fang F, Schwartz TA, Nelson AE, Abbate LM, Callahan LF, Kalsbeek WD, Hochberg MC. Prevalence of hip symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic hip osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. J Rheumatol. 2009 Apr;36(4):809-15. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.080677. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
• Young AC, Buvanendran A. Pain management for total hip arthroplasty. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2014 Spring;23(1):13-21. doi: 10.3113/jsoa.2014.0013.
• Halawi MJ, Vovos TJ, Green CL, Wellman SS, Attarian DE, Bolognesi MP. Opioid-Based Analgesia: Impact on Total Joint Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2015 Dec;30(12):2360-3. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.06.046. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
• Rosenzweig S, Greeson JM, Reibel DK, Green JS, Jasser SA, Beasley D. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic pain conditions: variation in treatment outcomes and role of home meditation practice. J Psychosom Res. 2010 Jan;68(1):29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.03.010.
• Packiasabapathy S, Susheela AT, Mueller A, Patxot M, Gasangwa DV, O'Gara B, Shaefi S, Marcantonio ER, Yeh GY, Subramaniam B. Guided meditation as an adjunct to enhance postoperative recovery after cardiac surgery: study protocol for a prospective randomized controlled feasibility trial. Trials. 2019 Jan 11;20(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-3103-8.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 10, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 3, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): December 16, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 8, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 29, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): December 30, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 30, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 29, 2022
• Last Verified: December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Pathologic Processes; Necrosis; Substance-Related Disorders; Wounds and Injuries; Leg Injuries; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Arthritis; Bone Diseases; Narcotic-Related Disorders; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Opioid-Related Disorders; Osteonecrosis; Knee Injuries
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2017P000180

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No