Foot Positions Affect Knee and Ankle Proprioception, Balance, Vertical Jump, and Muscle Activity in Individuals With Flexible and Rigid Flatfoot and Chronic Ankle Instability

To investigate the effect of various foot positions affect knee and ankle proprioception, balance, vertical jump, and muscle activity in individuals with flexible and rigid flatfoot and chronic ankle instability

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Flatfoot
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: No intervention

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 60

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Seventy-six participants met the inclusion and exclusion of this study. These participants were screened for the type of FF. We chose 30 for each group (60 total) to accomplish the balance between groups. Group 1: 30 subjects with rigid FF and chronic ankle instability, and Group 2: 30 subjects with flexible FF and chronic ankle instability. All participants were blinded to study procedures.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The inclusion criteria were the presence of FF and chronic ankle instability in the dominant foot. Flexible and rigid flat feet were initially diagnosed by an orthopedist using a weight-bearing position with a standardized radiograph technique. The digital X-ray detector (film) and the X-ray tube (source) are 35-40 inches apart in lateral views of the foot. Then, Jack's test was performed to differentiate between the flexible and rigid FF. Jack's test is a valid test in assessing FF 10. Finally, people with flexible a second degree FF (Meary's angle between 15° to 30°) 3 were included in this study. The degree of flatfoot was determined by measuring the talus-first metatarsal angle on a lateral weight-bearing radiograph. This angle lies between a line drawn from the centers of the longitudinal axes of the talus and the first metatarsal. An angle that is greater than 4° convex downward is considered pes planus with an angle of 15° - 30° considered moderate, and greater than 30° severe 8. Chronic ankle instability was defined as the subject had a minimum of 2 acute ankle sprains, in the last 6 months, associated with pain, swelling, and a record of various ankle giving way. The determination of the dominant foot followed Vauhnik. & ark, modified version which stated that the dominant foot should be used minimally in 2 of the 3 subsequent activities: (1) Using the leg to step over a spider toy, (2) Drawing a diamond figure on the ground and (3) Kicking a ball.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The exclusion criteria were the existence of limited hallux dorsiflexion because Jack's test is valid only if hallux dorsiflexion is available during relaxed standing. Also, the participants were excluded if they had previous hip, pelvis, knee, or foot surgeries within the last year; obesity or pregnancy; leg-length discrepancies; has any vestibular disorder neurological disorder, brain concussion within the last 3 months that may cause balance impairment; or administering any drugs that could disturb alertness or balance.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Group 1; 30 subjects with rigid flatfoot and chronic ankle instability	Other: No intervention; No intervention
Group II; 30 subjects with flexible flatfoot and chronic ankle instability	Other: No intervention; No intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
knee proprioception	knee proprioception	2-3 months
ankle proprioception	ankle proprioception	2-3 months
Vertical jump measurements	Vertical jump measurements	2-3 months
Electromyographical activity (EMG)	Electromyographical activity (EMG)	2-3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Beni-Suef University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): July 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 30, 2023
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 2, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 2, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): June 12, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 12, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 2, 2023
• Last Verified: June 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Congenital Abnormalities; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Foot Deformities; Foot Deformities, Acquired; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Talipes; Flatfoot
• Other Study ID Numbers: cairo university (Other Grant/Funding Number: faculty of pedatric dentistry)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No