Tirofiban After Successful MT Recanalization in AIS (ATTRACTION)

Safety and Efficacy of Adjunct Tirofiban Treatment After Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy Recanalization in Acute Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke- A Multicenter, Prospective, Double-blind, Randomized Trial

Acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion is a frequently occurring life-threatening condition. Although endovascular treatment can effectively open occluded vessels, the successful reperfusion rate exceeds 80%, but the rate of good prognosis is less than 50%. The current clinical focus is on how to improve futile recanalization. Tirofiban is widely used in the treatment of stroke, as it can effectively prevent vascular reocclusion and improve microcirculation perfusion. It has the potential to improve futile recanalization, but there is a lack of high-level evidence-based medical support. This multicenter, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of sequential tirofiban therapy following successful mechanical thrombectomy within 24 hours of onset.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Acute Ischemic Stroke; Vessel Occlusion
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Tirofiban; Drug: Saline placebo

Detailed Description

Endovascular treatment is the primary approach for significantly improving the clinical prognosis of patients with acute large vessel occlusion, and it has been consistently recommended by both domestic and foreign guidelines. Successful vascular recanalization and restoration of ischemic tissue reperfusion are crucial for the favorable prognosis of patients with large vessel occlusion. However, the rate of successful reperfusion after endovascular treatment exceeds 80%, but the rate of favorable outcomes at 90 days follow-up is less than 50%. The reasons for ineffective recanalization include reperfusion injury, arterial reocclusion, hemorrhagic transformation, and microvascular reperfusion insufficiency. Although vascular recanalization can be visualized using DSA, not all microvascular beds can be effectively perfused, and persistent microocclusion of the capillary bed in ischemic tissue will also result in a poor prognosis. Currently, drug intervention is not commonly utilized to achieve successful recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy in clinical practice. Additionally, there is a lack of effective methods to improve ineffective recanalization.

Tirofiban is widely used in the treatment of stroke, as it can effectively prevent vascular reocclusion and improve microcirculation perfusion. It has the potential to improve futile recanalization, but there is a lack of high-level evidence-based medical support.

This is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. In 52 centers in China, 1360 patients with the following situations will be enrolled: achieved successful recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy (mTICI 2b/3) within 24h of stroke onset.

Patients will be randomly assigned into 2 groups according to the ratio of 1:1:

1. experimental group received a bolus of tirofiban at a dosage of 5μg/kg (with a maximum dose not exceeding 0.5mg) through the catheter artery, followed by a continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.1μg/(kg·min) for 24 hours.
2. The control group was given a placebo in the same manner. Face to face interviews will be made on baseline, 24 hours after randomization, 48 hours after randomization, day 7 after randomization or discharge day. Day 90 after randomization will be interviewed by phone or face to face.

The main measure of effectiveness was the rate of mRS 0-2 after 90 days, and the primary focus on safety was the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours. This study aims to clarify the role of tirofiban in enhancing unsuccessful recanalization after thrombectomy, which holds significant clinical value in improving the prognosis of patients following thrombectomy.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 1380
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Hubei
    • Wuhan, Hubei, China, 450001
      • Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥18 years old;
2. NIHSS score: 6-30;
3. Symptom onset to random time of 24h, including wake-up stroke or unwitnessed stroke; The onset time of symptoms was defined as the last time of normal performance.
4. mRS 0-1 before the stroke;
5. Subject or legal representative can sign an informed consent form;
6. Clinical symptoms caused by acute occlusion of the following sites confirmed by CTA or MRA: intracranial segment of ICA, M1 segment of middle cerebral artery, M2 trunk of middle cerebral artery;
7. ASPECTS≥6 on NCCT or DWI;
8. After the end of mechanical thrombectomy, the mTICI was stable at 2b/3, and there was no secondary embolism in other non-offending vessels, or the diagnostic angiography before mechanical thrombectomy showed that the occluded vessels improved to mTICI 2b/3, and no mechanical thrombectomy was planned.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Intra-arterial thrombolysis;
2. Tirofiban was used within 24 hours before endovascular treatment
3. Women who are known to be pregnant or lactating, or have a positive pregnancy test before randomization;
4. Allergy to tirofiban, radiocontrast agent or Nitinol materials;
5. Any active bleeding within 30 days before stroke or recent bleeding (gastrointestinal, urinary, etc.);
6. parenchymal organ surgery or biopsy within 14 days before stroke;
7. History of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia;
8. Platelet count < 100*10^9/L;
9. Being on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis; Known severe renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate < 30ml/min or serum creatinine > 220μmol/L).
10. Subjects requiring hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis or who have contraindications to angiography for any reason;
11. The expected survival time is less than half a year (such as malignant tumors, serious heart and lung diseases, etc.);
12. Have participated in other interventional clinical studies that may have an impact on the outcome assessment;
13. Other circumstances that the investigator considers inappropriate for participation in the study or that may pose a significant risk to the patient (e.g., inability to understand and/or comply with study procedures and/or follow-up due to mental illness, cognitive or emotional disorder).
14. The midline shift of the brain or cerebral hernia, ventricular mass effect;
15. Acute intracranial hemorrhage on CT or MRI;
16. New bilateral acute stroke or intracranial multi-drainage large vessel occlusion;
17. Simple extracranial occlusion of the internal carotid artery.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Tirofiban group; After the completion of endovascular treatment and successful recanalization (mTICI 2b/3), the patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group. Tirofiban 5μg/kg was administered intravenously through the catheter artery at a rate of 1ml/min, followed by an intravenous infusion of 0.1μg/(kg·min) for 24 hours. Standard medical treatment was administered after the surgery.	Drug: Tirofiban; After the completion of endovascular treatment and successful recanalization (mTICI 2b/3), the patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group. Tirofiban 5μg/kg was administered intravenously through the catheter artery at a rate of 1ml/min, followed by an intravenous infusion of 0.1μg/(kg·min) for 24 hours. Standard medical treatment was administered after the surgery.; Other Names: trade name: Xinweining; Wuhan Grand Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD. (China)
Placebo Comparator: placebo group; After the completion of endovascular treatment and successful recanalization (mTICI 2b/3), the patients were randomly assigned to the control group. Saline placebo was administered in the same manner as tirofiban group. Standard medical treatment was administered after the surgery.	Drug: Saline placebo; After the completion of endovascular treatment and successful recanalization (mTICI 2b/3), the patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group. Saline placebo was administered in the same manner as tirofiban group. Standard medical treatment was administered after the surgery.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of patients functionally independent (mRS score 0 to 2) at 90 days	independent outcome at 90 days	90 days after randomization
Number of participants with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage	According to Heidelberg Bleeding Classification	within 48 hours of randomization

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Modified ranking scale (mRS)	A 0-6 scale running from perfect health without symptoms to death	90 days after randomization
Proportion of patients non-disabled (mRS score 0 to 1) or return to pre-morbid mRS score at 90 days (for patients with mRS > 1)	Excellent functional outcome	90 days after randomization
Proportion of patients ambulatory or bodily needs-capable or better (mRS score 0 to 3)	Ambulatory or bodily needs-capable or better	90 days after randomization
Number of participants with improvement of neurological function	Proportion of patients with an NIHSS score of 0-1 or a reduction of ≥4 points from baseline at 36 hours (24-48 hours) of randomization	36 hours (24-48 hours) after randomization
Health-related quality of life, assessed with the European Quality Five Dimensions Five Level scale (EQ-5D-5L)	Health-related quality of life	90 days after randomization
All-cause mortality	The ratio of total deaths from all causes to the research subjects at 90 days of randomization	90 days after randomization
Proportion of intracranial hemorrhage of any type	Proportion of intracranial hemorrhage of any type within 48 hours of randomization	within 48 hours of randomization

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Xiang Luo
• Collaborators: The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Zhongnan Hospital; Shanghai East Hospital; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Taizhou First People's Hospital; Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; Qingdao Central Hospital; Quanzhou First Hospital; Fujian Provincial Hospital; Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital; Shiyan Renmin Hospital; The Affiliated Hospital Of Southwest Medical University; Wuhan No.1 Hospital; Nanyang Central Hospital; Jiangxi Provincial People's Hopital; LiuZhou People's Hospital; Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University; The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province; Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital; The Fifth Hospital of Wuhan; Wuhan Third Hospital; Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital; Loudi Central Hospital; Xiaogan First People's Hospital; Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine; The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture; Zigong No.1 Peoples Hospital; Xianning Central Hospital; The First People's Hospital of Changde City; Ezhou Central Hospital; Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The Central Hospital of Huanggang; Three Gorges Hospital of Chongqing University; CR & WISCO General Hospital; Xihua People's Hospital; The First People's Hospital of TianMen in Hubei Province; Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University; Zhongxiang People's Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Xingyi People's Hospital; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Huangshi Central Hospital; Central Hospital of Xiaogan; The First people's hospital of Xian Yang; Qujing Central Hospital of Yunnan Province; Wuhan Hankou Hospital; Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University; Xiangyang No 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine; Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College Affiliated Wuhan Central Hospital; Jingmen Central Hospital; Yichang Central People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University; Zoucheng City People's Hospital; Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Province of Medicine; The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou City; Zhongxiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The Lichuan ethnic Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Xiangyang Central Hospital People's Hospital of Huangpi District; The Cerebrovascular Hospital of Hubei Province; Xiangzhou People's Hospital; Jingmen People's Hospital; Hanyang Hospital, Wuhan University of Science & Technology; Tongcheng People's Hospital; Gaoyou People's Hospital; Zaoyang First People's Hospital; Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Hospital; Yingtan People's Hospital; Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital; The Second People's Hospital of Jingzhou City; General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping; The First Affiliated Hospital of Botou Medical College; Xianfeng People's Hospital; The Fourth Hospital of Wuhan; The Third People's Hospital of Jingzhou City; The First People's Hospital of Jiangxia District
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Xiang Luo, Tongji Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Renu A, Millan M, San Roman L, Blasco J, Marti-Fabregas J, Terceno M, Amaro S, Serena J, Urra X, Laredo C, Barranco R, Camps-Renom P, Zarco F, Oleaga L, Cardona P, Castano C, Macho J, Cuadrado-Godia E, Vivas E, Lopez-Rueda A, Guimaraens L, Ramos-Pachon A, Roquer J, Muchada M, Tomasello A, Davalos A, Torres F, Chamorro A; CHOICE Investigators. Effect of Intra-arterial Alteplase vs Placebo Following Successful Thrombectomy on Functional Outcomes in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke: The CHOICE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2022 Mar 1;327(9):826-835. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.1645.
• Dornbos D 3rd, Katz JS, Youssef P, Powers CJ, Nimjee SM. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Prevention and Rescue Treatment of Thromboembolic Complications During Endovascular Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2018 Mar 1;82(3):268-277. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyx170.
• Guan Q, Yun W, Li X, Ni H, Lv W, Xie Z, Zhang L, Zhou J, Xu Y, Li J, Zhang Q. Association of tirofiban with improvement of functional outcomes of direct thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation occlusion: a retrospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, real-world study. Neurosurg Focus. 2023 Oct;55(4):E21. doi: 10.3171/2023.7.FOCUS23150.
• RESCUE BT Trial Investigators; Qiu Z, Li F, Sang H, Luo W, Liu S, Liu W, Guo Z, Li H, Sun D, Huang W, Zhang M, Zhang M, Dai W, Zhou P, Deng W, Zhou Z, Huang X, Lei B, Li J, Yuan Z, Song B, Miao J, Liu S, Jin Z, Zeng G, Zeng H, Yuan J, Wen C, Yu Y, Yuan G, Wu J, Long C, Luo J, Tian Z, Zheng C, Hu Z, Wang S, Wang T, Qi L, Li R, Wan Y, Ke Y, Wu Y, Zhu X, Kong W, Huang J, Peng D, Chang M, Ge H, Shi Z, Yan Z, Du J, Jin Y, Ju D, Huang C, Hong Y, Liu T, Zhao W, Wang J, Zheng B, Wang L, Liu S, Luo X, Luo S, Xu X, Hu J, Pu J, Chen S, Sun Y, Jiang S, Wei L, Fu X, Bai Y, Yang S, Hu W, Zhang G, Pan C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Cao W, Yang S, Zhang J, Guo F, Wen H, Zhang J, Song J, Yue C, Li L, Wu D, Tian Y, Yang J, Lu M, Saver JL, Nogueira RG, Zi W, Yang Q. Effect of Intravenous Tirofiban vs Placebo Before Endovascular Thrombectomy on Functional Outcomes in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: The RESCUE BT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2022 Aug 9;328(6):543-553. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.12584.
• Zhong HL, Zhou TF, He YK, Li TX, Li ZS. Safety and efficacy of adjunct tirofiban treatment following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) resulting in successful reperfusion. Interv Neuroradiol. 2024 Oct;30(5):657-662. doi: 10.1177/15910199221138883. Epub 2022 Nov 10.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 9, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 29, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): December 29, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 9, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 10, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): February 20, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 11, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 8, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: acute ischemic stroke; mechanical thrombectomy; tirofiban; successful recanalization
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Stroke; Ischemic Stroke; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Tyrosine; Neuronal Plasticity; Tirofiban; Long-Term Synaptic Depression
• Other Study ID Numbers: 100939

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No