The Effect of Endorphin Massage Applied to Postpartum Women on Anxiety and Fatigue Levels

May 15, 2024 updated by: Nurseli Soylu Erener, TC Erciyes University
The postpartum period, especially in the first few weeks, can be a difficult period for mothers to adapt to the new situation of having a baby. During this process, physiological, psychological and social changes occur in the mother's body. While many mothers adapt to these changes easily, some mothers may experience psychological disorders at different levels.Among these, anxiety and depression are the most common diseases. Anxiety can negatively affect mothers, especially during birth and the postpartum period.During the postpartum period, nurses have the opportunity to improve maternal and infant health by recognizing and treating anxiety.Physical symptoms associated with postpartum anxiety include fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances. However, during the vaginal birth process, mothers may feel tired in the early postpartum period, as the pregnant woman spends a lot of energy by staying hungry for a long time. When the literature was examined, it was determined that endorphin massage reduces back pain in pregnant women, reduces anxiety level in pregnant women, accelerates the involution process in the postpartum period, and has positive effects on postpartum depression.Similar to endorphin massage, it has been determined that back massage reduces back pain in the postpartum period and provides the mother with both physiological and psychological relief. In addition, no study has been found examining the effect of endorphin massage applied to postpartum women on anxiety levels and fatigue in the postpartum period. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of endorphin massage applied to postpartum women who gave birth vaginally on postpartum anxiety and fatigue levels.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Birth is a very important experience in a woman's life. The postpartum period is a period of 6-8 weeks after birth. During this process, physiological, psychological and social changes occur in the puerperal woman's body. While many postpartum women easily adapt to these changes, some postpartum women may experience psychological disorders at different levels. Anxiety can negatively affect postpartum women, especially during birth and the postpartum period. Although it is generally desirable to experience anxiety at a normal and mild level, excessive anxiety can tire the individual emotionally.In addition, postpartum women may feel tired in the early postpartum period due to the pregnant woman fasting for a long time and spending too much energy during the vaginal birth process.This situation can be caused by many physical, psychological and situational factors. Postpartum fatigue can lead to deterioration in the general health of the mother and her baby, as well as other serious problems.Postpartum fatigue negatively affects women's physical and mental functions, wound healing, self-care skills and behaviors, energy, motivation and cognitive status, adaptation to motherhood, baby care behaviors, relationships with marriage and family members, including sexuality, work performance and quality of life. is a symptom.In this process, applications applied to postpartum women increase the quality of life by reducing fatigue.Endorphin massage is among the practices performed to improve the quality of life of women during the postpartum period. Endorphin is a natural painkiller known as the happiness hormone, which is similar to opioids secreted by the body, reduces pain, provides relaxation, protects the body against infections, accelerates metabolism. It is known that massage increases endorphin levels by having a relaxing effect on the muscles. Endorphin massage increases the release of endorphins, allowing the individual to relax, relaxing the muscles and reducing pain. Endorphin massage is a light massage technique that can increase the release of oxytocin and endorphin hormones and provide a feeling of calmness and comfort. When the literature was examined, it was determined that endorphin massage reduces back pain in pregnant women, reduces anxiety level in pregnant women, accelerates the involution process in the postpartum period, and has positive effects on postpartum depression.Similar to endorphin massage, it has been determined that back massage reduces back pain in the postpartum period and provides the mother with both physiological and psychological relief. In addition, no study has been found examining the effect of endorphin massage applied to postpartum women on anxiety levels and fatigue in the postpartum period. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of endorphin massage applied to postpartum women who gave birth vaginally on postpartum anxiety and fatigue levels.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

50

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Kayseri
      • Kocasinan, Kayseri, Turkey
        • Kayseri City Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Giving birth vaginally at term,
  • Postpartum within 24 hours,
  • Primiparous,
  • Those who are healthy and have given birth to a single baby,
  • Postpartum women who volunteered to participate in the study were included.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Those with psychiatric illness (Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder),
  • People with chronic diseases (Heart disease, Thyroid problems, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, asthma, COPD,
  • Those who have been diagnosed with a risky pregnancy (Pre-eclampsia, Arthritis, Pregnancy-related hypertension, Gestational diabetes),
  • Whose baby was admitted to neonatal intensive care,
  • Postpartum women with postpartum bleeding were not included in the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention group
  • Personal introduction form, state and trait anxiety scale and visual similarity scale for fatigue were applied.
  • Endorphin massage was applied twice by the researcher for 15 minutes every two hours.
  • After the endorphin massage applied for the second time, the visual similarity scale and the state and trait anxiety scale were applied again for fatigue.
Other: massage
Endorphin massage will be given for 15 minutes every 2 hours.
Other Names:
  • endorphin massage
No Intervention: Control gruop
  • A personal introduction form, state and trait anxiety scale, and visual similarity scale for fatigue were applied.
  • Two hours after the first evaluation, the visual similarity scale and the state and trait anxiety scale were applied again for fatigue.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
State and Trait Anxiety Scale
Time Frame: It was applied twice in total, two hours apart.
The state anxiety scale determines how the individual feels at a certain moment and under certain conditions. The scale consists of 20 questions and is asked to choose one of the options 'not at all', 'somewhat', 'a lot' and 'completely' depending on the severity of the thoughts or behaviors. The trait anxiety scale determines how the individual feels, regardless of the situation and conditions, and consists of 20 questions. In answering this scale, one is asked to choose one of the following options: 'almost never', 'sometimes', 'most of the time' and 'almost always', depending on the frequency of the thoughts or behaviors.
It was applied twice in total, two hours apart.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Visual Similarity Scale for Fatigue
Time Frame: It was applied twice in total, two hours apart.

The scale has sub-dimensions of fatigue and energy . It consists of a total of 18 items in two sub-dimensions.

The scale consists of 10 cm horizontal lines with positive expressions at one end and negative expressions at the other end of each item. While the items of the fatigue sub-dimension progress from positive to negative expressions, the items of the energy sub-dimension are in the opposite order. The lowest score obtained in the fatigue sub-dimension is zero and the highest score is 130. In the energy sub-dimension, scores are calculated between 0 and 50 points. A high score of the fatigue sub-dimension and a low score of the energy sub-dimension indicate that the severity of fatigue increases.
It was applied twice in total, two hours apart.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

TC Erciyes University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Nurseli SOYLU ERENER, TC Erciyes University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 4, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

November 30, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

November 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 8, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 15, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

May 20, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 20, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 15, 2024

Last Verified

May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2023/516

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Only the name of the research can be shared.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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