Effects of Ballistic Six Exercises With and Without Blood Flow Restriction in Cricket Players

July 31, 2024 updated by: Riphah International University

Effects of Ballistic Six Exercises With and Without Blood Flow Restriction on Agility, Strength and Functional Ability in Cricket Players

Cricket is not only a widely played team sport, but it also involves intricate skills that are honed over time, especially in bowling. One of the key concerns for bowlers is the risk of developing shoulder injuries due to imbalances between the agonist and antagonist muscle groups. To address this, the Ballistic Six program focuses on functional exercises that replicate the movements and forces involved in the overhead throwing motion, helping to enhance strength, power, proprioception, kinesthesia, and endurance in the rotator cuff muscles. By incorporating plyometric training in a ballistic, high-velocity manner, the program aims to take advantage of the stretch reflex and reduce the amortization phase of the stretch shortening cycle. Additionally, blood flow restriction (BFR) training has shown promising results in promoting muscle growth and strength. By applying a tourniquet to the arm during intra-set rests, BFR induces muscle hypoxia while restricting venous return, leading to increased lean mass, isometric strength, and muscular endurance in the shoulder and arm. These training methods can contribute to the overall performance and injury prevention of medium pace cricket bowlers.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

In addition to being a popular team activity, cricket requires complex abilities that are developed through time, particularly in bowling. The possibility of shoulder injuries resulting from imbalances between the agonist and antagonist muscle groups is one of the main worries for bowlers. The Ballistic Six program aims to improve the rotator cuff muscles' strength, power, proprioception, kinesthesia, and endurance by using functional exercises that mimic the motions and pressures involved in the overhead throwing action. The program's goal is to minimize the stretch shortening cycle's amortization phase and maximize the stretch reflex by combining plyometric training in a ballistic, high-velocity way. Furthermore, training with blood flow restriction (BFR) has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in enhancing muscle mass and power. Lean mass, isometric strength, and muscular endurance in the shoulder and arm are enhanced by BFR, which produces muscle hypoxia while limiting venous return by placing a tourniquet to the arm during intra-set rests. Medium-pace cricket bowlers can benefit from these training techniques in terms of both overall performance and injury prevention.

To maintain fairness in this Randomized Controlled Trial, volunteers will be chosen at random. The 18-25-year-old cricket players will be split into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Ballistic Six upper extremity plyometric training will be administered to the control group, while Ballistic Six training combined with blood flow restriction treatment will be administered to the experimental group. The course of therapy will last for eight weeks, with monthly progress reports. There will be three weekly recovery sessions, each lasting 20 to 30 minutes. Tests such as the Kerlan Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score, the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, and the Seated Medicine Ball Throw Test will be used to assess patients both at the start and finish of their therapy.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

32

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab
      • Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan, 63100
        • Recruiting
        • Dring Stadium
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Syed Asadullah Arsalan, PhD
        • Contact:
          • Fawad Alam
          • Phone Number: +923005252538
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Mahnoor Majid, DPT

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male players
  • Age 18-25 years
  • Active recreational players
  • Minimum score on Kerlan-Jobe Orthopedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score questionnaire should be above 60.
  • In Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test rest interval should be from 40-45 seconds.
  • Athletes playing cricket with minimum 1 year experience

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Players not actively involved in training and competition
  • History of systemic disease
  • Prior surgery history
  • Ligamentous and GHJ injury
  • Bone deformity
  • Fractures of upper limb
  • Vestibular and visual disorder
  • Pre-existing shoulder pathologies or injuries

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Plyometric Training
Ballistic six exercises (Elastic ER, Elastic 90/90 ER, Overhead throw, 90/90 flexion ER Decel Throw, 90/90 Abduction ER Decel Throw, Internal Rotation). Ballistic Six plyometric training, done 2 days a week for 8 weeks, was given to the bowlers for rotator cuff muscles of their dominant shoulders. Exercises were performed using 3 sets of 10-20 repetitions, with 30 s of rest between each set. The progression of the training protocol. The equipment utilized in the Ballistic Six exercises included medicine balls (2-lb for single arm exercises and 6-lb for the 2-handed exercises). Subjects continued their strength and conditioning activities in off-season along with the Ballistic Six exercises. Following 8 weeks of training, post-readings for the bowling velocity, identical to that described in the pretesting protocol, were obtained and documented.
Other: Plyometric Exercises
This include Plyometric Training for 8 weeks
Experimental: Plyometric Training with Blood Flow Resistance Training
Experiment group received Ballistic six exercises with Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) training. Regularly monitor and supervise the training sessions. BFR training is a method that mimics the effects of high intensity training by combining low intensity exercise with blood flow obstruction. A pneumatic cuff, often known as a tourniquet, is applied proximally to the muscle that is being trained. It can be used on the lower or upper extremity. The next step is to inflate the cuff to a certain pressure in order to achieve both total and partial venous blockage. The patient is then instructed to conduct resistance exercises with high repetitions (15-30) and short rest periods (30 sec) at a low intensity of 20-30% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM).
Other: Plyometric Exercises
This include Plyometric Training for 8 weeks
Other: Blood Flow Restriction Training
This include Blood Flow Restriction Training for 8 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Agility
Time Frame: 0 week, 8 week
Will be measured by Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability (CKCUES) Test
0 week, 8 week
Strength
Time Frame: 0 week, 8 week
Will be measured by Seated medicine ball throw test
0 week, 8 week
Functional Ability
Time Frame: 0 week, 8 week
Will be measured by Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow Score
0 week, 8 week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Riphah International University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Mahnoor Majid, DPT, Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 25, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

September 25, 2024

Study Completion (Estimated)

September 25, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 31, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 31, 2024

First Posted (Estimated)

August 5, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

August 5, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 31, 2024

Last Verified

July 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC/RCR & AHS/23/0468

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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