Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Education Programmes to Enhance Infection Prevention and Control Among Childcare Workers in Bangkok Daycare Centres, Thailand

March 13, 2026 updated by: Chakkrich Pidjadee, Universiti Putra Malaysia

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of nurse-led education programmes on childcare workers (CCWs) in improving infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in daycare centres. The main questions it aims to answer are:

  1. Is there an increase in IPC knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy, as well as hand hygiene intention and compliance of CCWs after receiving the online or onsite IPC nurse-led education programme?
  2. Do CCWs who receive the online programme exhibit higher IPC knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy, as well as hand hygiene intention and compliance compared to those who do not receive any programme?
  3. Do CCWs who receive the onsite programme exhibit higher IPC knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy, as well as hand hygiene intention and compliance compared to those who do not receive any programme?
  4. Is there a difference in IPC knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy, as well as hand hygiene intention and compliance between CCWs who receive the online programme and those who receive the onsite programme?

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Despite the crucial role of infection prevention and control (IPC) in daycare centers (DCCs), research reveals significant gaps. Based on the systematic review of the IPC programmes among childcare workers (CCWs), most studies focus mainly on hand hygiene, neglecting other IPC components like environmental cleaning, waste management, vaccination, and triage of infectious disease patients. Research on the role of nurses in developing and implementing these programmes is also limited. Existing studies often emphasize outcomes related to children and parents rather than assessing the impact on CCWs. Only two studies used a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, essential for evaluating group interventions.

Additionally, the emergence of online, on-demand, and hybrid learning methods highlights a gap in IPC training, with limited exploration of online learning for IPC education. Comprehensive IPC programmes for CCWs, incorporating various IPC components, clearly defined roles for nurses, and modern educational methods, are urgently needed. These programmes should be rigorously evaluated using cluster RCT designs to provide robust evidence of their effectiveness. Therefore, this clinical trial is aimed to evaluate the effects of nurse-led education programmes on IPC knowledge, attitudes, and practices, as well as hand hygiene intention and compliance among CCWs in daycare centres in Bangkok, Thailand.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

180

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Thailand
    • Dusit
      • Bangkok, Dusit, Thailand, 10300
        • Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Registered DCCs in Bangkok, as listed in the Bangkok Metropolis Administrative information.
  • At least two or more CCWs work in DCC at the time of recruitment.
  • Participants aged 18 years or over.
  • Participants had been employed for at least three months at registered DCCs in Bangkok at the time of recruitment.
  • Participants provided care for children 0-5 years of age.
  • Participants could read and speak Thai language.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants are attending any IPC training at the time of recruitment.
  • Participants are planning to attend another IPC training within six months after the time of recruitment.
  • Participants have completed another IPC training programme within the six months prior to the time of recruitment.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: The Onsite Nurse-Led Education Programme on IPC
The researcher will conduct the Nurse-Led Education Programme on IPC for one experimental group through face-to-face/onsite delivery.
Behavioral: The Onsite Nurse-Led Education Programme on IPC

The programme was designed to enhance CCWs' IPC knowledge and attitudes through lectures, interactive discussions, information sharing, and Q&A sessions. It also aims to improve their IPC practices and self-efficacy through demonstrations, role-playing exercises, and a work assignment focused on IPC self-monitoring.

The programme includes five educational sessions totalling 12 hours, along with one session for work assignment on daily self-monitoring of IPC practices over five days. The educational sessions cover the following topics:

  1. General concepts of infectious diseases
  2. Vaccination
  3. Standard precautions: The use of personal protective equipment, environmental cleaning and disinfection, handling food and feeding, and waste management
  4. Standard precautions: Hand hygiene
  5. Common infectious diseases in DCCs and management.
Experimental: The Online Nurse-Led Education Programme on IPC
The researcher will conduct the Nurse-Led Education Programme on IPC for another experimental group through online platform delivery.
Behavioral: The Online Nurse-Led Education Programme on IPC
The online version of the nurse-led education programme was conducted using an online meeting platform. It includes the same content, learning activities, and materials as the onsite delivery programme, except for the practice stations, which cannot be provided to participants in the online delivery. Additionally, all documents will be available for download via the online platform.
No Intervention: The Control Group
Participants in the control group will continue their usual practice without receiving any intervention and materials until the post-intervention assessment at six months. After that, the researcher will provide the online or onsite programmes and distribute all materials.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Infection prevention and control knowledge
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months

This questionnaire was adapted from an existing validated tool, the knowledge of preventive behaviors for communicable diseases questionnaire. It was developed based on the Disease-Free Child Care Centers Policy from the Department of Disease Control, Thailand Ministry of Public Health, to assess Thai CCWs. The original questionnaire consists of 15 dichotomous questions. The item objective congruence (IOC) was evaluated by five experts, resulting in a score of 0.744, and internal consistency was assessed with a KR-20 of 0.73 (n = 30).

In this study, the researchers added five questions regarding the knowledge of using personal protective equipment, handling food and feeding, and managing waste. Therefore, the final version of this questionnaire consists of 20 dichotomous questions. The total score will be calculated by summing the correct responses, with higher scores indicating greater levels of IPC knowledge.
From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months
Infection prevention and control attitudes
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months

This questionnaire was adapted from an existing validated tool, the attitudes of preventive behaviors for communicable disease questionnaire. It was developed based on the Disease-Free Child Care Centers Policy from the Department of Disease Control, Thailand Ministry of Public Health, to assess Thai CCWs. The original questionnaire consists of 15 items with five-point Likert scales. The IOC was evaluated by five experts, resulting in a score of 0.744, and internal consistency was assessed with a Cronbach's α of 0.71 (n = 30).

In this study, the researchers removed questions that were outside the conceptual definition and added questions regarding beliefs, perceptions, and feelings about the importance and necessity of IPC measures. The final version of this questionnaire still consists of 15 items, including both positive and negative statements, with five-point Likert scales. The total score will be calculated, with higher scores indicating more positive attitudes toward IPC.
From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months
Infection prevention and control practices
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months

This questionnaire was adapted from an existing validated tool, the preventive behaviours for communicable disease questionnaire. It was developed based on the Disease-Free Child Care Centers Policy from the Department of Disease Control, Thailand Ministry of Public Health, to assess Thai CCWs. The original questionnaire consists of 15 items with five-point Likert scales. The IOC was evaluated by five experts, resulting in a score of 0.744, and internal consistency was assessed with a Cronbach's α of 0.71 (n = 30).

In this study, the researchers added five questions regarding practice of vaccination monitoring, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), handling food and feeding, and waste management. Therefore, the final version of this questionnaire consists of 20 items with five-point Likert scales. The total score will be calculated, with higher scores indicating higher levels of IPC practices.
From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months
Infection prevention and control self-efficacy
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months

This questionnaire was translated and adapted from and existing validated tool, the infectious diseases prevention self-efficacy questionnaire. It was originally used to assess self-efficacy in infectious disease prevention among Korean daycare center administrators. The questionnaire consists of 15 items with five-point Likert scales. The original tool demonstrated internal consistency with a Cronbach's α of 0.91 (n = 172).

In this study, the original questionnaire was translated from English to Thai by following the WHO guidelines for the process of translation and adaptation of instruments. Additionally, the researchers removed questions that were outside the conceptual definition and added items regarding confidence in the use of PPE, handling food and feeding, and waste management. The final version of the questionnaire still consists of 15 items with five-point Likert scales. The total score will be calculated, with higher scores indicating higher levels of IPC self-efficacy.
From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Hand hygiene intention
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months
This questionnaire was translated from an existing validated tool, the hand hygiene intention questionnaire. It was originally developed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and identified through focus group discussions with caregivers and managers of DCCs to assess hand hygiene intention among CCWs in the Netherlands. The questionnaire consists of 2 items with seven-point Likert scales. The internal consistency was measured with a Cronbach's α of 0.90 (n = 350). The total score will be calculated, with higher scores indicating greater levels of hand hygiene intention.
From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months
Hand hygiene compliance
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months
This questionnaire was translated and adapted from and existing validated tool, the hand hygiene compliance questionnaire. It was originally developed and commonly used in hand hygiene surveys of caregivers in Netherlands DCCs. The questionnaire consists of 18 items with eleven-point rating scales. It was later used to assess hand hygiene compliance among Chinese kindergarten teachers, reporting an internal consistency with a Cronbach's α of 0.83 (n = 95).
From enrollment to the end of the programme at immediatly, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Universiti Putra Malaysia

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Chakkrich Pidjadee, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 15, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

December 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 10, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 13, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

December 17, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 13, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • COA.1-051/2024

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Infection Control

Clinical Trials on The Onsite Nurse-Led Education Programme on IPC

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Uganda

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Subscribe