VR-Based Video Modeling for Novice Swimmers (VR-Swim Skill)

March 8, 2025 updated by: Deniz Bedir, Erzurum Technical University

Virtual Reality-Supported Video Modeling for Enhancing Motor Skill Acquisition in Swimming

Understanding the complex dynamics of motor skill acquisition in swimming is critical for developing effective training programs. Advances in technology, such as virtual and augmented reality, offer new opportunities to enhance learning and performance in this field. This study investigated the impact of virtual reality (VR)-supported video modeling (VM) swimming exercise programs compared with traditional approaches on the swimming performance of beginners.

Fifty-five university students participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: the VR-supported VM group (VRVM) (n=28) and the traditional swimming group (TSG) (n=27). The VRVM group engaged in VR-supported VM practice in addition to traditional swimming training, whereas the TSG group only participated in traditional swimming training. The performance variables measured included swimming stroke (SS), crawling kick (CK), swimming duration (SD), heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived excretion (RPE).

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

55

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Yakutiye
      • Erzurum, Yakutiye, Turkey, 25050
        • Erzurum Technical University Faculty of Sport Sciences

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Never having taken a swimming course before. Not having any health problems. Not having water phobia.

Exclusion Criteria:

To be able to progress by stroking on the water without any support from anywhere.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: VR-Supported Video Modeling Group
Participants receive traditional swimming training as well as VR-supported video modelling training.
Behavioral: VR-Supported Video Modeling
Participants receive virtual reality (VR) supported video modeling training in addition to traditional swimming training.
Behavioral: Traditional Swimming Training
Participants receive only traditional swimming training. Individuals in this group learn swimming techniques through traditional methods (practising in the water under the supervision of an instructor).
Active Comparator: Traditional Swimming Group
Participants only receive traditional swimming training, but no VR or video modelling.
Behavioral: Traditional Swimming Training
Participants receive only traditional swimming training. Individuals in this group learn swimming techniques through traditional methods (practising in the water under the supervision of an instructor).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Swimming stroke
Time Frame: Post-Intervention (After 11 Weeks)
Swimming stroke (SS) refers to the number of strokes performed per minute, which impacts a swimmer's propulsion through the water. It is a critical factor in determining speed and efficiency.
Post-Intervention (After 11 Weeks)
Swimming duration
Time Frame: Post-Intervention (After 11 Weeks)
The swimming duration is the swimmer's time to cover a 25-meter distance. Swimmers using the proper freestyle technique are expected to cover a given distance in less time, with lower SD scores positively contributing to swimming performance.
Post-Intervention (After 11 Weeks)
Crawling kick
Time Frame: Post-Intervention (After 11 Weeks)
The crawling kick plays an essential role in a swimmer's propulsion and overall speed and balance in the water. Novice swimmers may focus more on breathing and arm strokes, neglecting foot strokes (Lucero, 2015). Therefore, this study assumes that more foot strokes positively impact performance. The CK was calculated based on the number of foot strokes performed over a 25-meter distance.
Post-Intervention (After 11 Weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Heart rate
Time Frame: Post-Intervention (After 11 Weeks)
Heart rate is the parameter used to monitor the physiological response of swimmers to exercise and to assess aerobic fitness.
Post-Intervention (After 11 Weeks)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Erzurum Technical University

Collaborators

Ataturk University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 27, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

June 2, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

October 17, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 27, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 8, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 8, 2025

Last Verified

March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ETU-VR-2025-02
  • E-70400699-000-2100187704 (Other Identifier: Ataturk University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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