The Effect of the Developed Psychological Resilience Program on Phubbing Behaviors and Communication Skills

January 12, 2026 updated by: Mert Hızlıoğluları, Eastern Mediterranean University

The Effect of a Psychological Resilience Program for Phubbing on Nursing Students' Communication Skills and Phubbing Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this study is to determine whether a psychological resilience-based intervention program developed to prevent sociotelism is effective in nursing students. The study also aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the program.

The main questions this study aims to answer are:

Does the psychological resilience development program reduce sociotelism behaviors among nursing students?

Does the program improve nursing students' communication skills?

Researchers will compare nursing students who participate in the psychological resilience development program with those in a control group who do not receive the intervention, in order to determine whether the program is effective in reducing sociotelism behaviors and enhancing communication skills.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

90

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Undergraduate nursing students aged 18 - 30 years old
  • Voluntary participation
  • Ability to understand and complete self-report questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of a diagnosed severe psychiatric disorder
  • Current participation in another psychological intervention program.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention Arm: Psychological Resilience-Based Sociotelism Prevention Program

Intervention Arm:

Psychological Resilience Development Program for Phubbing
Behavioral: Psychological Resilience Development Program for Phubbing
This study evaluates the effectiveness of an 8-module psychological resilience development program designed to address phubbing behaviors among participants. The program was structured to enhance individuals' capacity to cope with digital distractions and strengthen adaptive psychosocial skills in interpersonal contexts. The intervention aims to improve communication skills, increase psychological resilience levels, and reduce sociotelism tendencies by promoting mindful technology use, emotional regulation, and awareness of face-to-face interaction dynamics. The impact of the program is assessed through pre- and post-intervention measurements, allowing for a systematic examination of changes in participants' communication competencies, resilience capacities, and sociotelism levels following completion of the eight modules.
No Intervention: Control Arm

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Communication Skills Level
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-module intervention (post-intervention)

The Communication Skills Scale was developed by Fidan Korkut Owen and Aslı Bugay in 2014. The scale consists of 25 items organized into four subdimensions. Higher scores indicate higher levels of communication skills. For both the total scale and its subdimensions, mean item total scores are used.

The scale is a 5-point Likert-type instrument, rated as follows:

(1 = Never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = Occasionally, 4 = Often, 5 = Always).

The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Communication Skills Scale was found to be 0.88, indicating high internal consistency. Total scores range from 25 to 125, with higher scores reflecting more advanced communication skills

The four subdimensions of the scale and their corresponding item numbers are as follows:

  1. Communication Relationships and Basic Skills
  2. Self-Expression
  3. Active Listening and Nonverbal Communication
  4. Willingness to Communicate
Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-module intervention (post-intervention)
Psychological Resilience Level
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) Immediately after the 8-module intervention (post-intervention)
Psychological resilience will be assessed using the Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults. The scale consists of 33 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Never to 5 = Always). Total scores range from 33 to 165, with higher scores indicating greater psychological resilience.
Baseline (pre-intervention) Immediately after the 8-module intervention (post-intervention)
Levels of Phubbing Behavior and Exposure to Phubbing Level
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-module intervention (post-intervention)

In this study, the Phubbing Behaviors Scale was used as the data collection instrument. The scale was originally developed by Chotpitayasunondh and Douglas (2018) and was adapted into Turkish by Derya Orhan Göksun (2019), who conducted its validity and reliability analyses. The scale consists of two sections and is rated on a 7-point Likert scale.

The first section is the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP), which consists of 15 items grouped into four subdimensions. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this section was 0.78. Total scores range from 15 to 105, calculated by summing the Likert-scale responses provided by the participants. All items in this section are negatively worded within the context of social norms and general acceptance; therefore, higher total scores indicate more negative outcomes, reflecting higher levels of phubbing behavior. In summary, as the total score increases, the the level of phubbing behavior also increases.
Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately after the 8-module intervention (post-intervention)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Eastern Mediterranean University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

April 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

May 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

July 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 5, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 12, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 21, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 21, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 12, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ETK00-2025-0132

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared due to ethical restrictions, confidentiality considerations, and the protection of participants' privacy in accordance with ethical approval and informed consent.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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