Liver Transplant Recipients and 30-Second Lie-to-Sit Test

Assessment of Functional Capacity in Liver Transplant Recipients Using the 30-Second Lie-to-Sit Test

The aim of this study is to assess functional capacity in liver transplant recipients using the 30-second lie-to-sit test and to examine the relationships between functional capacity and variables such as muscle strength, upper and lower extremity function, exercise capacity, and perceived exertion.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Liver Transplant Recipients
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: 30-second lie-to-sit test; Other: Modified Borg Scale; Other: waist circumference; Other: 30-second sit-to-stand test; Other: Quadriceps muscle strength; Other: Deltoid muscle strength; Other: Trunk flexion strength; Other: Trunk extension strength; Other: Handgrip strength; Other: 2-minute walk test; Other: Upper Extremity Functional Index-15 (UEFI-15); Other: Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)

Detailed Description

Participants' demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, and relevant clinical data, will be recorded. Functional capacity will also be assessed using the 30-second sit-to-stand test, the 2-minute walk test, and upper and lower extremity functional scales (UEFI-15, AEFÖ), with perceived exertion measured using the Modified Borg Scale. Muscle strength will be measured isometrically with a dynamometer for the quadriceps, deltoid, trunk flexor/extensor muscles, and handgrip. The obtained data will provide a comprehensive evaluation of muscle strength and functional status, contributing to individualized rehabilitation planning.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 34

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Büşra CANDİRİ; Phone Number: +905073780717; Email: candiri_17@hotmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: İrem Yiğit; Phone Number: +905375427930; Email: irem44ahmet@gmail.com

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Malatya, Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Recruiting
    • Inonu Unıversity

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

liver transplant recipients

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 18-65 years
• Diagnosed with end-stage liver disease and listed for liver transplantation
• Ability to speak, understand, and write in Turkish
• No mental disorders
• Voluntary participation with informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pulmonary, neurological, or cardiac diseases that may interfere with adherence to the assessment protocol
• Difficulty complying with the assessment program
• Musculoskeletal problems
• History of regular physical activity
• Multiple organ failure
• Cognitive impairment

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
30-second lie-to-sit test	In this test, participants will be asked to start from a supine position with their head and arms supported and move to a sitting position as quickly as possible. They will be allowed to use one hand and, if necessary, a thin cushion to help them sit up. The number of repetitions performed within 30 seconds will be recorded.	24 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Waist Circumference	Waist circumference will be measured in centimeters at the narrowest point between the lowest rib and the upper border of the pelvis while the participant is standing, and the value will be recorded.	24 hours
Modified Borg Scale	Following the 30-second lie-to-sit test, the modified Borg scale will be used to assess participants' perceived exertion levels.This scale is a standard tool that allows individuals to subjectively assess their level of exertion during physical activity or exercise, rated from 0 (no exertion) to 10 (maximum exertion).	24 hours
30-second sit-to-stand test	The 30-second sit-to-stand test will be used to assess participants' lower extremity muscle strength and functional capacity. In this test, the participant sits with their back against a chair, feet flat on the floor, and arms crossed over the chest, and stands up and sits down as many times as possible within 30 seconds. Hands should not touch the chair during the test, and only full, complete repetitions are counted. The total number of repetitions at the end of the test will be recorded.	24 hours
Quadriceps muscle strength	Quadriceps muscle strength will be measured isometrically using a hand-held dynamometer. The participant will be seated with the knees flexed at 90°. The dynamometer will be placed on the front of the leg at ankle level, and the participant will be asked to lift the leg with maximal effort. Three measurements will be taken for each leg, and the average value will be recorded.	24 hours
Deltoid muscle strength	Isometric strength of the deltoid muscle will be assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. The participant will be seated with the shoulder positioned at 90° abduction and the elbow slightly flexed. The dynamometer will be placed on the lateral side of the upper arm at elbow level, and the participant will perform maximum-effort shoulder abduction. Three measurements will be taken for each extremity, and the average value will be recorded.	24 hours
Trunk flexion strength	The isometric trunk flexion strength test will be performed with the participant positioned supine, with the knees extented or the hips flexed at 30°. The dynamometer will be placed below the suprasternal notch of the sternum. The participant will place their hands on the opposite acromions and perform isometric trunk flexion.	24 hours
Trunk extension strength	The isometric trunk extension strength, the participant will be positioned prone while lying down. The dynamometer will be placed at the T4 level, and the participant will be asked to perform maximum isometric trunk extension. In each test position, participants will first perform a submaximal trial, followed by three correct repetitions, and the average value will be recorded.	24 hours
Handgrip strength	Handgrip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer. Participants will be seated with their shoulders adducted at the sides, elbows flexed at 90°, forearms in a neutral position, and wrists positioned at 0-30° extension and 0-15° ulnar deviation. Three trials will be performed for each hand, with a 30-second rest between trials. For analysis, the average of three measurements for both hands will be recorded.	24 hours
2-minute Walk Test	The 2-minute walk test will be used to assess participants' exercise capacity and physical performance. During the test, participants will walk at a self-selected, safe pace for two minutes, and the distance covered in meters will be recorded.	24 hours
Upper Extremity Functional Index-15 (UEFI-15)	This questionnaire consists of 15 items that assess difficulties in using the upper extremities for activities of daily living. Each item is scored from 0 (cannot do) to 4 (no difficulty). The raw score ranges from 0 to 59 and is converted to a final score ranging from 0 to 100. A higher final score indicates better upper extremity function, providing a comprehensive assessment of functional capacity.	24 hours
Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)	This questionnaire is important for assessing lower extremity functional capacity and examining activity limitations in various lower extremity disorders. It consists of 20 items, each scored from 0 (extreme difficulty or unable to perform the activity) to 4 (no difficulty). Intermediate values are defined as 1 (quite difficult), 2 (moderately difficult), and 3 (somewhat difficult). The total score ranges from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating better functional level.	24 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Inonu University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 8, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 20, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 20, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 15, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 15, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): January 26, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 26, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 15, 2026
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: liver; functional capacity; liver transplant recipients; 30 second lie-to-sit test
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Investigative Techniques; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis; Physiological Phenomena; Physical Examination; Body Size; Body Weights and Measures; Body Constitution; Anthropometry; Waist Circumference
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2025/8550

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No