Effects of Intrinsic Muscles Training on Pain, Balance and Foot Function in Patients With Pes Planus

February 17, 2026 updated by: Riphah International University
The study was conducted to determine the Effects of intrinsic muscles training on pain, balance and foot function in patients with Pes Planus

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

66

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Sialkot, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 51310
        • Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age group between 20 to 45 years
  • Both male and female
  • Patients with a flat foot (Congenital and acquired both)
  • Patients with Collapsed arch
  • Navicular drop ≥10mm

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Acute fracture to lower limb
  • Any foot surgery over past 12 months
  • Patients with club foot
  • Patients with poliomyelitis
  • Navicular drop < 10mm

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental Group: Intrinsic Muscle Training + Conventional Therapy
Other: Intrinsic Muscles Training
Intrinsic muscle training includes Feet rolling exercise, Toe flexion (curls) exercise, Big toe extension exercise, Short foot exercise and Towel gathering exercise. All these exercises were performed by the participants of Experimental group in 3 sets each set comprising 10-20 repetitions.
Other: conventional therapy

Conventional physical therapy session includes

  • Electric hot pack on moderate intensity for 10 min
  • TENS for 20 minutes on conventional mode
  • Stretching of calf muscles 3 sets of 5 stretches in each session
  • Ankle pumps 10 repetitions.
Active Comparator: Control Group: Conventional therapy
Other: conventional therapy

Conventional physical therapy session includes

  • Electric hot pack on moderate intensity for 10 min
  • TENS for 20 minutes on conventional mode
  • Stretching of calf muscles 3 sets of 5 stretches in each session
  • Ankle pumps 10 repetitions.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Numeric pain rating scale
Time Frame: From enrolment to end of treatment at 6 weeks.
Numeric Pain rating scale is used to evaluate pain. It consists of 11 points, having score ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no pain, 1-3 represents mild pain, 4-6 represents moderate pain and 7-10 represents severe pain.
From enrolment to end of treatment at 6 weeks.
Berg Balance scale
Time Frame: From enrolment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
The Berg Balance Scale is a scale used to assess functional balance. It evaluates both dynamic and static balance through 14 tasks regarding mobility
From enrolment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks.
Foot Function Index
Time Frame: From enrolment to end of treatment at 6 weeks.
Foot Function Index questionnaire is used to measure the impact of foot pathology on pain, disability and activity restriction
From enrolment to end of treatment at 6 weeks.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Riphah International University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Naila Kanwal, Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 13, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 31, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

October 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 17, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 17, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

February 23, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 23, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 17, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC/RCR & AHS/24/0193

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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