Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) - Turkish Version

Individuals with foot-ankle problems (plantar fasciitis, metarsalgia, pes planus, pes planovalgus/varus) will be included in the study. Permission was obtained from the research group that developed the scale to use the Original Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6). Cross-cultural adaptation of the FPI-6 will be made in line with the guidelines published by Ruberto and Beaton. First of all, the FPI-6 will be translated into Turkish by two translators whose native language is Turkish and who can speak English at an advanced level. Translations will be compared and discussed, and a Turkish version will be obtained with the equivalents that best represent each item in the texts. Secondly, this retranslated text will be independently translated back into English by two native English translators. In the third stage, two texts written in English will be synthesized by the authors, thus reaching a consensus on a single translation. Finally, the inconsistent parts of the text will be checked by a multidisciplinary team consisting of two native English-speaking translators, members of the English language and literature department, authors who developed the scale, and physiotherapists. Two independent physiotherapists will evaluate the participants' foot posture indexes by FPI-6 for inter-rater reliability. In addition, patients' quality of life, foot functions, hindfoot profiles will be evaluated. For the calculation of validity between measurements, rater-1 will apply the FPI-6 again to the same participants after 15 days for intra-rater reliability. Patients' functional independence, activities of daily living, and quality of life will also be evaluated for criterion validity. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS, SF-36 and Foot Function Index questionnaires will be applied for the validity of FPI-6.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Foot Deformities; Hallux Valgus; Pes Planus; Metatarsalgia; Feet Pes Planus (Flatfoot)
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Foot Posture Index (FPI-6)

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 45

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Isparta, Turkey, 32100
    • Güllü Aydın Yağcıoğlu

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 63 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The study group will consist of individuals between the ages of 18-65 with foot problems.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• being between the ages of 18-65,
• having foot-ankle problems (plantar fasciitis, metatarsalgia, pes planus, pes planovalgus/varus, hallux valgus, pes cavus, pain)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having undergone any lower extremity surgery in the last two years,
• patients with congenital foot deformity and neurological problems,
• Individuals with lower or upper extremity pathology or a cognitive problem that may prevent or limit the application of the test protocol

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Foot Posture Index (FPI-6)	PI-6 is a valid and reliable assessment tool for pediatrics in which 6 items are scored separately for the right and left feet while the patient was in an upright position in a relaxed posture with their body-weight evenly distributed on the both feet. Each item is scored as -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 and the assessment categorized as follows: 0 to +5 normal; +6 to +9 pronated; 10+ higly pronated; -1 to -4 supianted; and -5 to -12 higly supinated.	10 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Foot Function Index	Foot Function Index consists of 23 items with 3 subgroups as pain, disability and activity limitation. While the nine-item pain subscale measures the level of foot pain in various situations, the 9-item disability subscale determines the degree of difficulty in performing various functional activities depending on foot problems.	10 minutes
American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS	American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society-AOFAS; This method, which evaluates the foot alignment and functional status of the participants, is the valid and reliable scoring system of the Turkish version developed by the American Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Society. The pain subscale is evaluated over a total of 40 points, the function subscale is evaluated over a total of 50 points, and the foot alignment subscale is evaluated over a total of 10 points. Higher scores indicate a better situation.	10 minutes
SF-36	The SF-36 QoL test includes a total of 36 self-assessment questions that are classified into eight domains: physical functioning with ten questions, role-physical with four, bodily pain with two, general health with five, social functioning with two, role-emotional with three, mental health with five and vitality with four. The reference period for all of the questions was the last four weeks prior to the interview.	15 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Suleyman Demirel University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 20, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 20, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): November 29, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 11, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 11, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): October 13, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 21, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 19, 2022
• Last Verified: December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Congenital Abnormalities; Foot Diseases; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Limb Deformities, Congenital; Foot Deformities, Acquired; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital; Talipes; Hallux Valgus; Flatfoot; Foot Deformities; Foot Deformities, Congenital; Metatarsalgia
• Other Study ID Numbers: FPI-6

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No