Investigation of Motor Imagery Ability in Relation to Body Awareness and Joint Position Sense in Healthy Subjects (MI-BA-JPS)

February 25, 2026 updated by: Rabia KUM GULER, Istanbul Arel University

Motor imagery (MI) is a dynamic mental state in which representations of a specific motor movement are rehearsed in working memory without any movement manifestation. It is practiced in physiotherapy clinics to improve motor performance and learn motor tasks. Since the efficiency of the practice depends on the quality of imagery, it is necessary to assess imagery ability before performing an imagery experiment or participating in an imagery training program.

Body awareness is used as a general concept for body management, body experience and body use. It contains information about the parts of the body and includes position perception, movement sense and the conditions required for movements, mental elements (cognitive thought processes). Joint position sense, which has an important role in postural control, is defined as being aware of the position and movement of the joint in space by the central nervous system. Although it has been shown that there are factors related to the central nervous system such as cognitive level that affect motor imagery ability, there are no studies showing the relationship between body awareness and joint position sense, in which central nervous and sensory systems work in integration, and motor imagery ability. In this study, motor imagery ability will be evaluated in healthy subjects and its relationship with body awareness and joint position sense will be investigated.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

37

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Zeytinburnu
      • Istanbul, Zeytinburnu, Turkey (Türkiye), 34015
        • Arel University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consisted of healthy adult individuals aged between 18 and 35 years who had no history of neurological, orthopedic, or sensory disorders that could affect motor imagery ability, body awareness, or joint position sense. Participants were volunteers recruited from university students and staff.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Volunteering to participate in the study
  2. Aged between 20-40 years old
  3. Having a Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination score higher than 24 points.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Having any musculoskeletal system disease
  2. Having any chronic disease
  3. Having a history of physical trauma
  4. Cognitive impairment
  5. Having a neurological problem
  6. Using analgecis for a long time
  7. Having a complaint of pain during the evaluation
  8. Using sedatives and/or antidepressants

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Only assessment research
Other: Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3)
This is a scale.
Other: Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2)
This is a scale.
Other: The Recognise™
This outcomes is mobile application. We used by assesment brain lateralisation skills.
Other: Body Awareness Questionnaire
This is a scale.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Motor Imagery Ability Assessed by the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3)
Time Frame: At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Explicit motor imagery ability will be assessed using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3). The MIQ-3 evaluates individuals' ability to imagine movements from visual and kinesthetic perspectives using self-reported ratings. The total MIQ-3 score will be used for analysis.
At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Body Awareness Assessed by the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ)
Time Frame: At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Body awareness will be assessed using the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ), a self-report instrument designed to evaluate individuals' awareness of bodily processes, postural changes, and internal bodily sensations. The total BAQ score will be calculated and used for statistical analysis.
At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Motor Imagery Ability Assessed by the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2)
Time Frame: At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Explicit motor imagery vividness will be assessed using the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ-2). The VMIQ-2 measures the vividness of visual and kinesthetic motor imagery through self-reported responses. Subscale and total scores will be used for statistical analysis.
At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Implicit Motor Imagery Assessed by the Hand Laterality Judgment Task (Recognise™)
Time Frame: At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)
Implicit motor imagery ability will be assessed using the Hand Laterality Judgment Task implemented via the Recognise™ mobile application. Participants will be asked to identify whether displayed hand images represent the left or right hand. Response time and accuracy will be recorded and used for analysis.
At baseline (single assessment at study enrollment)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Istanbul Arel University

Collaborators

Bahçeşehir University
Kırklareli University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

November 12, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 29, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

June 29, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 12, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 25, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

March 3, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 25, 2026

Last Verified

August 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ArelETK-2023/08

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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