Self-Efficacy and Academic Burnout Among Sports Science Undergraduates in Indonesia (BURNOUT-SE-26)

Academic Burnout and the Protective Role of Self-Efficacy Among Sports Science Undergraduates in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the relationship between self-efficacy and academic burnout among sports science undergraduates in Indonesia. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Is higher self-efficacy associated with lower academic burnout among sports science undergraduates?
• Does higher self-efficacy reduce the odds of experiencing moderate academic burnout?

A total of 233 sports science undergraduates (semesters 3-4) at State University of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia took part in this study. Most participants were male (71.2%), aged 20-21 years.

Participants completed two questionnaires on a single occasion:

• The General Self-Efficacy Scale-12 (GSES-12) to measure self-efficacy
• The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) to measure academic burnout

NOTE: This study was retrospectively registered. The study was conducted from March to May 2025 and received ethical clearance (No. 95/UN4.6.4.5.31/ PP36/2025) from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, on February 11, 2025, prior to study initiation. Registration was performed after study completion due to the investigator's initial unawareness of prospective registration requirements. No outcome measures, study design, or statistical analysis plan were modified following data collection.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Burnout Syndrome; Self Efficacy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Self-Report Questionnaire Assessment

Detailed Description

This cross-sectional observational study examined the association between self-efficacy and academic burnout among sports science undergraduates in Indonesia.BACKGROUND:Academic burnout is a significant mental health concern among university students, particularly those facing dual academic and athletic demands. Self-efficacy - the belief in one's ability to succeed despite challenges - has been proposed as a protective factor against burnout. However, evidence among Indonesian sports science students remains limited.STUDY POPULATION:Participants were junior-year sports science undergraduates (semesters 3-4) at State University Of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, recruited via simple random sampling during March to May 2025.MEASUREMENTS:Self-efficacy was measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale-12 (GSES-12). Academic burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). Both instruments were administered on a single occasion in supervised classroom sessions.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:Data were analyzed using Spearman rank-order correlation and binary logistic regression. Normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24.0. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ETHICAL APPROVAL:This study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin (No. 95/UN4.6.4.5.31/PP36/2025) on February 11, 2025. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.NOTE: This study was retrospectively registered. Data collection was conducted from March to May 2025, following ethical clearance obtained on February 11, 2025. Registration was performed after study completion due to the investigator's initial unawareness of prospective registration requirements. No outcome measures, study design, or statistical analysis plan were modified following data collection.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 233

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Indonesia
  • South Sulawesi
    • Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 90222
      • Physical Education and Sports Study Program, Faculty of Sports Sciences, State University of Makassar, Makassar City, 90222, Indonesia

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Junior-year sports science undergraduates (semesters 3-4) at State University Of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The eligible population consisted of 524 students, of whom 233 were recruited via simple random sampling and completed the study (response rate 83.2%).

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Actively enrolled as sports science undergraduate students in semesters 3 or 4 at State University Of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia during March to May 2025
• Sufficient proficiency in Bahasa Indonesia to comprehend and complete the MBI-SS and GSES-12 questionnaires
• Willing to provide written informed consent prior to enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed psychiatric disorder under pharmacological treatment
• Current or documented history of substance use disorders
• Returned incomplete questionnaire responses

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Intervention / Treatment

Sports Science Undergraduates; Junior-year sports science undergraduates (semesters 3-4) at a public university in Makassar, Indonesia, recruited via simple random sampling during March to May 2025. Participants completed two self-report questionnaires on a single occasion: the General Self-Efficacy Scale-12 (GSES-12) to measure self-efficacy, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) to measure academic burnout. No intervention was administered. This was a single-group cross-sectional observational study examining the association between self-efficacy and academic burnout.

Other: Self-Report Questionnaire Assessment; Participants completed two validated self-report questionnaires on a single occasion in supervised classroom sessions. The General Self-Efficacy Scale-12 (GSES-12) was used to measure self-efficacy levels, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) was used to measure academic burnout. No therapeutic, pharmacological, or behavioral intervention was administered. Data collection was observational in nature, with no manipulation of variables or assignment of participants to treatment conditions.; Other Names: General Self-Efficacy Scale-12 (GSES-12); Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Association Between Self-Efficacy and Academic Burnout	Spearman rank-order correlation between self-efficacy scores (GSES-12) and academic burnout scores (MBI-SS) among sports science undergraduates. A negative correlation indicates higher self-efficacy is associated with lower academic burnout.	Single time point (March to May 2025)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Odds of Moderate Academic Burnout Across Self-Efficacy Levels	Binary logistic regression examining the odds of experiencing moderate academic burnout (MBI-SS overall classification: 0 = none, 1 = moderate) per one-level increase in self-efficacy stratum (low, moderate, high; GSES-12 total score). Low self-efficacy designated as reference category.	Single time point (March to May 2025)
Predicted Probability of Moderate Academic Burnout by Self-Efficacy Stratum	Predicted probability of moderate academic burnout derived from binary logistic regression, calculated separately for low (12-24), moderate (25-36), and high (37-48) self-efficacy strata as classified by GSES-12 total score.	Single time point (March to May 2025)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hasanuddin University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Agus Durman, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University; Study Chair: Saidah Syamsuddin, MD, Ph.D, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 31, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): May 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 12, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 19, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): March 24, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 24, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 19, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Self-Efficacy; University Students; Logistic Regression; Cross-Sectional Study; Maslach Burnout Inventory; Academic Burnout; Sports Science Students; General Self-Efficacy Scale; Protective Factor
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Stress, Psychological; Behavior; Burnout, Psychological
• Other Study ID Numbers: AGUS-BURNOUT-SE-2025; INA-5EC7E74-PSIKIATRI (Registry Identifier: AGUS-INA-CRR)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED
• IPD Plan Description: Individual participant data (IPD) sharing has not yet been decided. A formal data sharing plan will be determined following study publication. Data sharing will be considered upon reasonable request, subject to ethical approval and participant confidentiality requirements in accordance with the ethical clearance granted by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin (No. 95/UN4.6.4.5.31/ PP36/2025).

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No