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Life Skills Training for Anxiety and Football Performance in Adolescent Players (LST-Football)

17. srpna 2026 aktualizováno: Zinat Ebrahimi, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj

Life Skills Training and Athletic Performance of Non-Elite Adolescent Football Players: The Mediating Role of Reduced Cognitive Anxiety

This randomized behavioral study will evaluate whether an eight-week life skills training program will reduce cognitive sport anxiety and improve football performance in non-elite adolescent football players in China. A total of 160 players aged 14 to 17 years from 16 teams will be allocated individually within team-by-gender strata to either a life skills training group or a usual-training control group. The intervention will include 16 small-group sessions delivered twice per week for 45-60 minutes. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, immediately after the eight-week intervention, and four weeks later. The primary psychological outcome will be cognitive anxiety derived from the Worry and Concentration Disruption subscales of the Sport Anxiety Scale-2. The primary performance outcome will be a baseline-referenced Football Performance Index derived from passing accuracy, shooting accuracy, dribbling time, and agility time. The study hypothesis is that life skills training will reduce cognitive anxiety and improve football performance, and that greater reduction in cognitive anxiety immediately after the intervention will be associated with better football performance at follow-up.

Přehled studie

Postavení

Zatím nenabíráme

Podmínky

Intervence / Léčba

Detailní popis

The study will use a two-arm parallel longitudinal randomized design with three assessment points: T0 at baseline, T1 immediately after completion of an eight-week intervention, and T2 four weeks after T1. Participants will be 160 non-elite football players aged 14-17 years from 16 teams. Individual randomization will be conducted within team-by-gender strata using a computer-generated random sequence, targeting 80 participants per condition.

The life skills intervention will consist of 16 sessions delivered over eight weeks (two sessions per week; 45-60 minutes per session; approximately 8-10 players per small group). Content will include goal setting, self-management, emotional regulation, problem solving, decision making, communication, teamwork, time management, coping with mistakes, and transfer of skills beyond sport. Control participants will continue usual football training without the structured life skills program during the study period. Attendance, possible control contamination, and concurrent psychological training will be recorded.

Cognitive sport anxiety will be assessed using the 15-item Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Worry will comprise items 3, 5, 8, 9, and 11; Concentration Disruption will comprise items 1, 4, 7, 13, and 15; Somatic Anxiety will comprise items 2, 6, 10, 12, and 14. Cognitive Anxiety will be defined as Worry plus Concentration Disruption. Football performance will be assessed using passing accuracy, shooting accuracy, dribbling time, and agility time. These components will be standardized using fixed baseline reference parameters, with time-based measures reverse-directed, and combined into a T-score Football Performance Index in which higher values indicate better performance.

Primary intervention effects will be evaluated with linear mixed-effects models using condition, time, and condition-by-time fixed effects, while accounting for repeated observations within participants and clustering within teams. Secondary outcome contrasts will be adjusted using the Holm procedure. The longitudinal indirect pathway will be evaluated as intervention allocation → T1 cognitive anxiety reduction → T2 football performance. The indirect effect will be estimated with 5,000 team-cluster bootstrap resamples. Sensitivity analyses will include per-protocol attendance, control contamination, concurrent psychological training, complete T2 cases, multiple imputation with 20 imputed datasets, and alternative FPI scoring.

Typ studie

Intervenční

Zápis (Odhadovaný)

160

Fáze

  • Nelze použít

Kontakty a umístění

Tato část poskytuje kontaktní údaje pro ty, kteří studii provádějí, a informace o tom, kde se tato studie provádí.

Studijní kontakt

Studijní záloha kontaktů

Kritéria účasti

Výzkumníci hledají lidi, kteří odpovídají určitému popisu, kterému se říká kritéria způsobilosti. Některé příklady těchto kritérií jsou celkový zdravotní stav osoby nebo předchozí léčba.

Kritéria způsobilosti

Věk způsobilý ke studiu

  • Dítě

Přijímá zdravé dobrovolníky

Ano

Popis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 14 to 17 years at enrollment.
  • Current membership in a non-elite/non-professional football team.
  • At least one year of prior football participation.
  • Regular participation in team football training.
  • Ability and willingness to attend study assessments and, if allocated to the intervention, the life skills training sessions.
  • Written informed consent from a parent or legal guardian and age-appropriate assent from the adolescent participant before study participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current membership in a national football team.
  • Current professional football contract.
  • Current membership in a first-tier professional football academy.
  • Any medical, musculoskeletal, or psychological condition that, in the judgment of the study team, would make participation in football-performance testing or the behavioral intervention unsafe or inappropriate.
  • Inability to complete baseline assessment or comply with essential study procedures.

Studijní plán

Tato část poskytuje podrobnosti o studijním plánu, včetně toho, jak je studie navržena a co studie měří.

Jak je studie koncipována?

Detaily designu

  • Primární účel: Jiný
  • Přidělení: Randomizované
  • Intervenční model: Paralelní přiřazení
  • Maskování: Žádné (otevřený štítek)

Zbraně a zásahy

Skupina účastníků / Arm
Intervence / Léčba
Experimentální: Life Skills Training
Participants will receive a structured eight-week life skills training program consisting of 16 small-group sessions delivered twice weekly. Each session will last 45-60 minutes and will involve approximately 8-10 players. Training will address goal setting, self-management, emotional regulation, problem solving, decision making, communication, teamwork, time management, coping with mistakes, and transfer of skills beyond sport.
An eight-week behavioral life skills program delivered in 16 small-group sessions (2 sessions/week; 45-60 minutes/session; approximately 8-10 players/group). The program will include goal setting, self-management, emotional regulation, problem solving, decision making, communication, teamwork, time management, coping with mistakes, and transfer of skills beyond sport. Attendance will be recorded. Per-protocol adherence will be defined as attendance at ≥80% of sessions (at least 13 of 16 sessions).
Žádný zásah: Usual Training Control
Participants will continue their usual football training during the eight-week study intervention period and will not receive the structured life skills training program. Potential exposure to intervention content and concurrent psychological training will be monitored.

Co je měření studie?

Primární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Change in Cognitive Anxiety Score
Časové okno: Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention at 8 weeks (T1), and 4-week post-intervention follow-up (T2; approximately 12 weeks after baseline)
Cognitive Anxiety will be calculated as the sum of the Worry and Concentration Disruption subscales of the 15-item Sport Anxiety Scale-2. Each subscale contains five items scored from 1 to 4; therefore the Cognitive Anxiety composite will range from 10 to 40, with lower scores indicating less cognitive sport anxiety. The primary analysis will evaluate differential change between groups over time.
Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention at 8 weeks (T1), and 4-week post-intervention follow-up (T2; approximately 12 weeks after baseline)
Change in Baseline-Referenced Football Performance Index
Časové okno: Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention at 8 weeks (T1), and 4-week post-intervention follow-up (T2; approximately 12 weeks after baseline)
The Football Performance Index will combine passing accuracy, shooting accuracy, dribbling time, and agility time. Each component will be standardized using fixed baseline reference parameters; dribbling and agility time will be reverse-directed so higher standardized values represent better performance. The composite will be transformed to a T-score metric, with higher scores indicating better football performance.
Baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention at 8 weeks (T1), and 4-week post-intervention follow-up (T2; approximately 12 weeks after baseline)

Sekundární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Worry Subscale Score
Časové okno: Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
5-item SAS-2 Worry subscale; range 5-20; lower scores indicate less worry.
Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
Concentration Disruption Subscale Score
Časové okno: Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
5-item SAS-2 Concentration Disruption subscale; range 5-20; lower scores indicate less concentration disruption.
Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
Somatic Anxiety Subscale Score
Časové okno: Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
5-item SAS-2 Somatic Anxiety subscale; range 5-20; lower scores indicate less somatic anxiety.
Time frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
Passing Accuracy
Časové okno: ime frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.
Football-specific passing accuracy performance measure; higher values indicate better performance.
ime frame: T0, T1 at 8 weeks, T2 at approximately 12 weeks.

Spolupracovníci a vyšetřovatelé

Zde najdete lidi a organizace zapojené do této studie.

Sponzor

Spolupracovníci

Termíny studijních záznamů

Tato data sledují průběh záznamů studie a předkládání souhrnných výsledků na ClinicalTrials.gov. Záznamy ze studií a hlášené výsledky jsou před zveřejněním na veřejné webové stránce přezkoumány Národní lékařskou knihovnou (NLM), aby se ujistily, že splňují specifické standardy kontroly kvality.

Hlavní termíny studia

Začátek studia (Odhadovaný)

20. srpna 2026

Primární dokončení (Odhadovaný)

15. září 2026

Dokončení studie (Odhadovaný)

20. prosince 2026

Termíny zápisu do studia

První předloženo

9. srpna 2026

První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality

17. srpna 2026

První zveřejněno (Aktuální)

19. srpna 2026

Aktualizace studijních záznamů

Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace (Aktuální)

19. srpna 2026

Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality

17. srpna 2026

Naposledy ověřeno

1. srpna 2026

Více informací

Termíny související s touto studií

Další identifikační čísla studie

  • TUS-LST-22FTYB009-01

Plán pro data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)

Plánujete sdílet data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)?

NEROZHODNÝ

Popis plánu IPD

The final individual participant data sharing plan will be determined after ethics approval and review of the parent/guardian consent, adolescent assent, institutional data-governance requirements, and applicable requirements in China. If sharing is permitted, only appropriately de-identified participant-level data will be considered for access.

Informace o lécích a zařízeních, studijní dokumenty

Studuje lékový produkt regulovaný americkým FDA

Ne

Studuje produkt zařízení regulovaný americkým úřadem FDA

Ne

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