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Artificial Intelligence-Supported Visual Guide for Preschool Children Undergoing Medical Procedures (AIVIP)

9. juli 2026 opdateret af: ebru temizsoy, Istanbul Bilgi University

Effect of an Artificial Intelligence-Supported Visual Guide on Procedural Anxiety, Pain, and Post-Procedural Behavioral Changes in Preschool Children Undergoing Common Medical Procedures: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Children frequently experience anxiety, pain, and negative behavioral changes during common medical procedures such as venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Providing developmentally appropriate procedural preparation before these procedures may improve children's experiences and reduce procedure-related distress.

This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI)-supported visual guide developed to prepare preschool children aged 3-6 years for common medical procedures. The intervention consists of standardized 1-3-minute procedure-specific educational videos created using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google DeepMind) and finalized using CapCut. The videos incorporate researcher-developed educational scripts, AI-generated illustrations, and AI-generated voice narration to provide child-friendly, visually engaging, and developmentally appropriate procedural preparation.

A total of 110 children are randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the AI-supported visual guide before the procedure or a control group receiving routine care. The primary outcome is procedural anxiety assessed using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). Secondary outcomes include procedural pain measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale and post-procedural behavioral changes measured using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS).

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Medical procedures such as venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion are among the most common sources of anxiety and distress in preschool children. Inadequate preparation before these procedures may increase procedural anxiety, pain perception, and negative behavioral responses, potentially affecting future healthcare experiences and treatment adherence. Developmentally appropriate, child-centered educational interventions are recommended to improve children's understanding of medical procedures and reduce procedure-related distress.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly multimodal generative AI systems, have created new opportunities for developing personalized, engaging, and age-appropriate educational materials. However, evidence regarding the effectiveness of AI-generated visual preparation tools in reducing procedural anxiety, pain, and post-procedural behavioral changes in preschool children remains limited.

This multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of an AI-supported visual guide developed specifically for preschool children aged 3-6 years undergoing common medical procedures in family health centers. The intervention consists of standardized procedure-specific educational videos created using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google DeepMind) and finalized using CapCut. Educational scripts are developed by the research team based on evidence related to trauma-informed care, child- and family-centered care, procedural preparation, and non-pharmacological interventions. AI-generated illustrations and voice narration are combined with researcher-developed content to produce four standardized educational videos for venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. Each video lasts approximately 1-3 minutes and introduces the healthcare environment, healthcare professionals, medical equipment, procedural steps, and positive reinforcement following completion of the procedure.

Children are randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving the AI-supported visual guide approximately 15 minutes before the medical procedure or a control group receiving routine care. Procedural anxiety is assessed using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) before, during, and immediately after the procedure. Procedural pain is assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale, while post-procedural behavioral changes are evaluated 15 days after the procedure using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS).

The primary objective of the study is to determine whether AI-supported visual preparation reduces procedural anxiety in preschool children. Secondary objectives are to evaluate its effects on procedural pain and post-procedural behavioral changes. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-assisted, child-centered visual education as a standardized, scalable, and non-pharmacological intervention for procedural preparation in preschool children undergoing common medical procedures.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

110

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Barn

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged 3-6 years.
  • Scheduled to undergo venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, or peripheral intravenous catheter insertion at participating family health centers.
  • Able to understand Turkish.
  • Parent or legal guardian provided written informed consent.
  • Child provided verbal assent when developmentally appropriate.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed neurological, developmental, or psychiatric disorders that could interfere with behavioral assessment.
  • Visual or hearing impairment preventing participation in the intervention.
  • Administration of sedative or analgesic medication before the procedure.
  • Previous participation in this study.
  • Parent or child unwilling to participate.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Støttende pleje
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: AI-Supported Visual Guide
Preschool children received the AI-supported visual guide approximately 15 minutes before venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, or peripheral intravenous catheter insertion in addition to routine care.
A standardized 1-3-minute, AI-supported, procedure-specific educational video developed using Google Gemini 2.5 Pro and finalized using CapCut. The videos included researcher-developed educational scripts, AI-generated illustrations, and AI-generated voice narration to prepare preschool children for venous blood sampling, vaccination, injection, and peripheral intravenous catheter insertion. The videos were shown approximately 15 minutes before the procedure.
Ingen indgriben: Routine Care
Preschool children received routine pre-procedural care without structured visual preparation.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Procedural Anxiety
Tidsramme: Immediately before, during, and immediately after the medical procedure.
Procedural anxiety measured using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). The mYPAS total score ranges from 23.3 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater procedural anxiety.
Immediately before, during, and immediately after the medical procedure.

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Procedural Pain
Tidsramme: Immediately after the medical procedure.
Procedural pain assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) Pain Scale. Total scores range from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater procedural pain.
Immediately after the medical procedure.
Post-Procedural Behavioral Changes
Tidsramme: 15 days after the medical procedure.
Post-procedural behavioral changes assessed using the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS). Total scores range from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating more negative post-procedural behavioral changes.
15 days after the medical procedure.

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Ebru Temizsoy, PhD,RN, Istanbul Bilgi University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

14. april 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

15. maj 2026

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

30. maj 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

4. juli 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

9. juli 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

15. juli 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

15. juli 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

9. juli 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juli 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 2026-40161-037

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivelse

De-identified individual participant data underlying the results reported in this study will be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

IPD-delingstidsramme

Beginning 6 months after publication and ending 5 years after publication.

IPD-delingsadgangskriterier

Access will be provided to qualified researchers who submit a methodologically sound research proposal. Requests will be reviewed by the corresponding author, and de-identified data will be shared after approval and execution of an appropriate data-sharing agreement.

IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

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