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Optimizing Care for Cryptococcal Antigenemia: Evaluation of Short Course Fluconazole and ART Timing Among CrAg+ Persons With Low Titers

2. september 2026 opdateret af: University of Minnesota

This randomized clinical trial will evaluate the optimal duration of fluconazole therapy and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected persons with asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia and low cryptococcal antigen titers in Uganda.

Participants with low-titer cryptococcal antigenemia will be followed to assess whether a shorter 10-week course of fluconazole is non-inferior to the standard 24-week fluconazole regimen for 24-week cryptococcal meningitis-free survival. Among participants eligible for antiretroviral therapy timing randomization, the study will also compare immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation with delayed initiation after 14 days to evaluate 10-week hospitalization-free survival.

Participants will be followed for up to 24 weeks, with study visits and contacts to assess survival, cryptococcal meningitis, hospitalizations, adverse events, and fluconazole adherence.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Cryptococcal antigenemia can be detected in the blood before the development of symptomatic cryptococcal meningitis and is associated with increased risk of meningitis and death among persons with advanced HIV disease. Current guidelines recommend cryptococcal antigen screening and preemptive fluconazole therapy for persons with asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia, but the optimal duration of fluconazole therapy and the optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation remain uncertain.

This randomized clinical trial will enroll HIV-infected persons with asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia and low cryptococcal antigen titers in Uganda. The study is designed to answer two main questions. First, it will evaluate whether a shorter 10-week course of fluconazole is non-inferior to the standard 24-week fluconazole regimen for 24-week cryptococcal meningitis-free survival. Second, among participants eligible for antiretroviral therapy timing randomization, it will evaluate whether immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation is non-inferior to delayed initiation after 14 days for 10-week hospitalization-free survival.

At enrollment, eligible participants who meet criteria for antiretroviral therapy timing randomization will be randomized to immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation or delayed antiretroviral therapy initiation after 14 days. All participants will receive fluconazole 800 mg daily beginning at enrollment and continuing for 14 days, followed by fluconazole 400 mg daily through week 10. At week 10, participants who are alive and have not developed cryptococcal meningitis will be randomized to stop fluconazole or to continue fluconazole 200 mg daily for an additional 14 weeks, for a total fluconazole duration of 24 weeks.

Participants will be followed at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 20, and 24. Study assessments will include interval history, vital status, assessment for signs and symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis, medication review and adherence assessment, physical examination or symptom-directed examination as appropriate, and adverse event monitoring. Participants who miss visits or cannot attend scheduled clinic visits may be contacted by phone or through home visits to assess vital status and meningitis events.

The primary fluconazole-duration endpoint is 24-week cryptococcal meningitis-free survival with retention in care. The primary antiretroviral therapy timing endpoint is 10-week hospitalization-free survival with retention in care. Secondary endpoints include survival, incidence of cryptococcal meningitis, grade 3 to 5 clinical adverse events or serious adverse events, hospitalization, death, and fluconazole adherence.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

505

Fase

  • Fase 3

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

  • Navn: Radha Rajasingham, MD
  • Telefonnummer: 612-625-4680
  • E-mail: radha@umn.edu

Studiesteder

      • Kampala, Uganda
        • Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University
        • Kontakt:
          • Radha Rajasingham, MD
          • Telefonnummer: 612-625-4680
          • E-mail: radha@umn.edu
        • Ledende efterforsker:
          • Radha Rajasingham, MD

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

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Ingen

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • HIV-1 infection
  • Age greater than 18 years
  • Ability and willingness to give informed consent
  • Plasma or serum cryptococcal antigen positive with titer less than 1:160

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Cannot or unlikely to attend regular clinic visits
  • History of cryptococcal infection
  • Symptomatic meningitis confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal antigen positivity
  • More than 10 weeks of fluconazole therapy
  • Pregnancy confirmed by urinary or serum pregnancy test
  • Current breastfeeding

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Sekventiel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Immediate ART + 10-Week Fluconazole Arm Type:
Participants eligible for ART timing randomization will initiate antiretroviral therapy immediately at enrollment. Participants who are alive and have not developed cryptococcal meningitis at week 10 will stop fluconazole after completing 10 weeks of preemptive fluconazole therapy.
Antiretroviral therapy will be initiated immediately at enrollment for participants randomized to immediate ART initiation. ART drug choice will be per clinical standard of care.
Participants will receive fluconazole 800 mg daily for 14 days, followed by fluconazole 400 mg daily through week 10, then stop fluconazole.
Eksperimentel: Immediate ART + 24-Week Fluconazole
Participants eligible for ART timing randomization will initiate antiretroviral therapy immediately at enrollment. Participants who are alive and have not developed cryptococcal meningitis at week 10 will continue fluconazole through 24 weeks of preemptive fluconazole therapy.
Antiretroviral therapy will be initiated immediately at enrollment for participants randomized to immediate ART initiation. ART drug choice will be per clinical standard of care.
Participants will receive fluconazole 800 mg daily for 14 days, followed by fluconazole 400 mg daily through week 10, then fluconazole 200 mg daily for an additional 14 weeks, for a total fluconazole duration of 24 weeks.
Eksperimentel: Delayed ART + 10-Week Fluconazole
Participants eligible for ART timing randomization will delay antiretroviral therapy initiation until 14 days after enrollment. Participants who are alive and have not developed cryptococcal meningitis at week 10 will stop fluconazole after completing 10 weeks of preemptive fluconazole therapy.
Participants will receive fluconazole 800 mg daily for 14 days, followed by fluconazole 400 mg daily through week 10, then stop fluconazole.
Antiretroviral therapy will be initiated 14 days after enrollment for participants randomized to delayed ART initiation. ART drug choice will be per clinical standard of care.
Aktiv komparator: Delayed ART + 24-Week Fluconazole
Participants eligible for ART timing randomization will delay antiretroviral therapy initiation until 14 days after enrollment. Participants who are alive and have not developed cryptococcal meningitis at week 10 will continue fluconazole through 24 weeks of preemptive fluconazole therapy.
Participants will receive fluconazole 800 mg daily for 14 days, followed by fluconazole 400 mg daily through week 10, then fluconazole 200 mg daily for an additional 14 weeks, for a total fluconazole duration of 24 weeks.
Antiretroviral therapy will be initiated 14 days after enrollment for participants randomized to delayed ART initiation. ART drug choice will be per clinical standard of care.
Eksperimentel: ART-Experienced + 10-Week Fluconazole
Participants who are already receiving ART or are not eligible for ART timing randomization will continue ART per standard clinical care. Participants who are alive and have not developed cryptococcal meningitis at week 10 will stop fluconazole after completing 10 weeks of preemptive fluconazole therapy.
Participants will receive fluconazole 800 mg daily for 14 days, followed by fluconazole 400 mg daily through week 10, then stop fluconazole.
Aktiv komparator: ART-Experienced + 24-Week Fluconazole
Participants who are already receiving ART or are not eligible for ART timing randomization will continue ART per standard clinical care. Participants who are alive and have not developed cryptococcal meningitis at week 10 will continue fluconazole through 24 weeks of preemptive fluconazole therapy.
Participants will receive fluconazole 800 mg daily for 14 days, followed by fluconazole 400 mg daily through week 10, then fluconazole 200 mg daily for an additional 14 weeks, for a total fluconazole duration of 24 weeks.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
24-week cryptococcal meningitis-free survival with retention in care
Tidsramme: 24 weeks
Cryptococcal meningitis-free survival with retention in care at 24 weeks will be compared between participants randomized to 10 weeks of fluconazole and participants randomized to 24 weeks of fluconazole. Participants who develop cryptococcal meningitis, die, or are not retained in care will be considered treatment failures.
24 weeks
10-week hospitalization-free survival with retention in care
Tidsramme: 10 weeks
Hospitalization-free survival with retention in care at 10 weeks will be compared between participants randomized to immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation and participants randomized to delayed antiretroviral therapy initiation. Hospitalization-free survival will include assessment of events such as meningitis, serious opportunistic infections, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome events, hospitalization, death, and retention in care.
10 weeks

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Incidence of grade 3 to 5 clinical adverse events or serious adverse events
Tidsramme: Up to 24 weeks
Incidence of grade 3 to 5 clinical adverse events or serious adverse events will be assessed among enrolled participants.
Up to 24 weeks
24-week known survival
Tidsramme: 24 weeks
Known survival at 24 weeks will be assessed. Death and loss to follow-up will be considered therapeutic failures.
24 weeks
Incidence of cryptococcal meningitis
Tidsramme: Up to 24 weeks
Incidence of cryptococcal meningitis will be assessed during study follow-up.
Up to 24 weeks
Incidence of hospitalization
Tidsramme: Up to 24 weeks
Incidence of hospitalization, irrespective of cause, will be assessed during study follow-up.
Up to 24 weeks
Incidence of death
Tidsramme: Up to 24 weeks
Incidence of death, irrespective of cause, will be assessed during study follow-up.
Up to 24 weeks
Fluconazole adherence
Tidsramme: Up to 24 weeks
Fluconazole adherence will be assessed using self-reported compliance, pharmacy records, and tablet counts when available.
Up to 24 weeks

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Radha Rajasingham, MD, University of Minnesota

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

5. januar 2027

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

30. august 2031

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

30. august 2031

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

30. juli 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

30. juli 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

4. august 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

3. september 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

2. september 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. september 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • STUDY00024821

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