Distraction Methods for Reducing Pain and Fear During Blood Draw in Children (PED-DISTRACT)
Effects of Pinwheel Blowing, 3D Hologram Viewing, and Gum Chewing on Pain and Fear During Blood Draw in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Blood draw is a common invasive procedure that can cause pain and fear in children. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of pinwheel blowing, 3D hologram viewing, and sugar-free gum chewing on pain and fear during blood draw among children aged 5-10 years. Parental satisfaction with the care provided during the procedure will also be evaluated.
A total of 164 children will be assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to the pinwheel blowing, 3D hologram viewing, gum chewing, or control group using block randomization stratified by age and sex. The interventions will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed. Children in the control group will receive the routine blood draw procedure without any additional nonpharmacological intervention.
Immediately after the blood draw, the child's pain and fear during the procedure will be independently evaluated by the child, the accompanying parent, and an independent observer nurse. Parental satisfaction will also be assessed after the procedure.
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
This study is a four-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving children aged 5-10 years undergoing blood draw in a pediatric phlebotomy unit. The study aims to compare three nonpharmacological methods involving different mechanisms: active distraction through pinwheel blowing, passive visual distraction through 3D hologram viewing, and rhythmic oral and gustatory stimulation through flavored gum chewing.
Eligible children will be assigned to the study groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio using block randomization stratified by sex (female or male) and age group (5-7 or 8-10 years). A block size of four will be used within each stratum.
In the pinwheel blowing group, children will begin blowing a colorful handheld pinwheel one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed. In the 3D hologram viewing group, children will watch an age-appropriate holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies, beginning one minute before the blood draw and continuing until the procedure is completed. In the gum chewing group, children will select a flavored sugar-free gum, begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw, and continue throughout the procedure. Children in the control group will receive the routine blood draw procedure without any additional pharmacological or nonpharmacological pain-relieving intervention. The accompanying parent will remain with the child throughout the procedure.
All blood draws will be performed by the same nurse, who has at least five years of pediatric phlebotomy experience, using a standardized procedure. Pain experienced during the blood draw will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, which ranges from 0 to 10. Fear will be assessed using the Children's Fear Scale, which ranges from 0 to 4. Immediately after the procedure, pain and fear will be rated independently by the child, the accompanying parent, and an independent observer nurse. Parental satisfaction will be evaluated using a single-item numerical rating scale ranging from 1 to 10.
Because of the visible nature of the interventions, the children, parents, researcher delivering the interventions, phlebotomy nurse, and observer nurse cannot be blinded to group allocation.
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiekontakt
Studiekontakt
- Navn: Gülsev Kutman, Rn Msc
- Telefonnummer: 0905521392671
- E-mail: glsvktmn@gmail.com
Studiesteder
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-
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Tekirdağ, Tyrkiet (Türkiye)
- Rekruttering
- Tekirdağ City Hospital
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Barn
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Children aged 5 to 10 years
- Scheduled to undergo a blood draw
- No analgesic medication use within 6 hours before the procedure
- No visual, hearing, or speech impairment
- No neurological disorder
- No oral or jaw condition that may prevent gum chewing
- No chronic illness requiring frequent invasive procedures
- Written informed consent provided by the parent or legal guardian
- Verbal assent provided by the children
Exclusion Criteria:
- Previous history of syncope during blood draw procedures
- Blood draw not completed on the first attempt
- Development of syncope during the procedure
- Inability or unwillingness to complete the assigned intervention
- Withdrawal of consent or assent by the parent or child at any stage of the study
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Støttende pleje
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
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Eksperimentel: 3D Hologram Viewing Group
Children will watch an age-appropriate 3D holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies.
The intervention will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
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Children will watch an age-appropriate 3D holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies.
The holographic display will be positioned approximately 50 cm from the child.
The intervention will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
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Eksperimentel: Pinwheel Blowing Group
Children will begin blowing a colorful handheld pinwheel one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
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Children blow a colorful handheld pinwheel with a diameter of 16 cm.
The intervention begins one minute before the blood draw and continues until the procedure is completed.
Children hold the pinwheel with the hand not used for blood collection; the researcher holds it when necessary.
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Eksperimentel: Gum Chewing Group
Children will select a flavored sugar-free gum, begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw, and continue until the procedure is completed.
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Children will select a 14.5-g piece of sugar-free flavored gum and begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw.
The available flavors will include watermelon, strawberry, orange, and mixed fruit.
Children will continue chewing the gum until the procedure is completed.
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Ingen indgriben: Control Group
Children will receive the routine blood draw procedure used in the pediatric phlebotomy unit.
No additional pharmacological or nonpharmacological pain-relieving intervention will be provided.
The accompanying parent will remain with the child and may talk to and maintain eye contact with the child during the procedure.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Child-Reported Pain Intensity During Blood Draw Assessed Using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Tidsramme: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Pain experienced during the blood draw will be assessed by the child using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.
The scale consists of six faces scored as 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain.
Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
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Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Child-Reported Fear During Blood Draw Assessed Using the Children's Fear Scale
Tidsramme: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Fear experienced during the blood draw will be assessed by the child using the Children's Fear Scale.
The scale consists of five facial expressions scored from 0 to 4, where 0 indicates no fear and 4 indicates extreme fear.
Higher scores indicate greater fear.
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Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Parent-Reported Satisfaction With the Blood Draw Procedure
Tidsramme: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Parental satisfaction with the care provided during the blood draw procedure will be assessed using a single-item numerical rating scale ranging from 1 to 10, where 1 indicates the lowest level of satisfaction and 10 indicates the highest level of satisfaction.
Higher scores indicate greater parental satisfaction.
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Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Samarbejdspartnere
Samarbejdspartnere
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Gülsev Kutman, Tekirdağ City Hospital
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Nøgleord
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
- Neurologiske manifestationer
- Sygdomme i nervesystemet
- Neuroadfærdsmæssige manifestationer
- Perceptuelle forstyrrelser
- Patologiske tilstande, tegn og symptomer
- Tegn og symptomer
- Agnosia
- Mad
- Diæt, mad og ernæring
- Fysiologiske fænomener
- Mad og drikkevarer
- Kulhydrater
- Polymerer
- Makromolekylære stoffer
- Polysaccharider
- Biologiske produkter
- Komplekse blandinger
- Biopolymerer
- Plant tandkød
- Planteudstråling
- Slik
- Tyggegummi
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- KUTMAN-PED-2026-01
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
IPD-planbeskrivelse
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