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Distraction Methods for Reducing Pain and Fear During Blood Draw in Children (PED-DISTRACT)

14 de agosto de 2026 atualizado por: Gülsev Kutman

Effects of Pinwheel Blowing, 3D Hologram Viewing, and Gum Chewing on Pain and Fear During Blood Draw in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Blood draw is a common invasive procedure that can cause pain and fear in children. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of pinwheel blowing, 3D hologram viewing, and sugar-free gum chewing on pain and fear during blood draw among children aged 5-10 years. Parental satisfaction with the care provided during the procedure will also be evaluated.

A total of 164 children will be assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to the pinwheel blowing, 3D hologram viewing, gum chewing, or control group using block randomization stratified by age and sex. The interventions will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed. Children in the control group will receive the routine blood draw procedure without any additional nonpharmacological intervention.

Immediately after the blood draw, the child's pain and fear during the procedure will be independently evaluated by the child, the accompanying parent, and an independent observer nurse. Parental satisfaction will also be assessed after the procedure.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Recrutamento

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

This study is a four-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving children aged 5-10 years undergoing blood draw in a pediatric phlebotomy unit. The study aims to compare three nonpharmacological methods involving different mechanisms: active distraction through pinwheel blowing, passive visual distraction through 3D hologram viewing, and rhythmic oral and gustatory stimulation through flavored gum chewing.

Eligible children will be assigned to the study groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio using block randomization stratified by sex (female or male) and age group (5-7 or 8-10 years). A block size of four will be used within each stratum.

In the pinwheel blowing group, children will begin blowing a colorful handheld pinwheel one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed. In the 3D hologram viewing group, children will watch an age-appropriate holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies, beginning one minute before the blood draw and continuing until the procedure is completed. In the gum chewing group, children will select a flavored sugar-free gum, begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw, and continue throughout the procedure. Children in the control group will receive the routine blood draw procedure without any additional pharmacological or nonpharmacological pain-relieving intervention. The accompanying parent will remain with the child throughout the procedure.

All blood draws will be performed by the same nurse, who has at least five years of pediatric phlebotomy experience, using a standardized procedure. Pain experienced during the blood draw will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, which ranges from 0 to 10. Fear will be assessed using the Children's Fear Scale, which ranges from 0 to 4. Immediately after the procedure, pain and fear will be rated independently by the child, the accompanying parent, and an independent observer nurse. Parental satisfaction will be evaluated using a single-item numerical rating scale ranging from 1 to 10.

Because of the visible nature of the interventions, the children, parents, researcher delivering the interventions, phlebotomy nurse, and observer nurse cannot be blinded to group allocation.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Estimado)

164

Estágio

  • Não aplicável

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Contato de estudo

  • Nome: Gülsev Kutman, Rn Msc
  • Número de telefone: 0905521392671
  • E-mail: glsvktmn@gmail.com

Locais de estudo

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

  • Filho

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Sim

Descrição

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged 5 to 10 years
  • Scheduled to undergo a blood draw
  • No analgesic medication use within 6 hours before the procedure
  • No visual, hearing, or speech impairment
  • No neurological disorder
  • No oral or jaw condition that may prevent gum chewing
  • No chronic illness requiring frequent invasive procedures
  • Written informed consent provided by the parent or legal guardian
  • Verbal assent provided by the children

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous history of syncope during blood draw procedures
  • Blood draw not completed on the first attempt
  • Development of syncope during the procedure
  • Inability or unwillingness to complete the assigned intervention
  • Withdrawal of consent or assent by the parent or child at any stage of the study

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Cuidados de suporte
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Nenhum (rótulo aberto)

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Experimental: 3D Hologram Viewing Group
Children will watch an age-appropriate 3D holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies. The intervention will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
Children will watch an age-appropriate 3D holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies. The holographic display will be positioned approximately 50 cm from the child. The intervention will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
Experimental: Pinwheel Blowing Group
Children will begin blowing a colorful handheld pinwheel one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
Children blow a colorful handheld pinwheel with a diameter of 16 cm. The intervention begins one minute before the blood draw and continues until the procedure is completed. Children hold the pinwheel with the hand not used for blood collection; the researcher holds it when necessary.
Experimental: Gum Chewing Group
Children will select a flavored sugar-free gum, begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw, and continue until the procedure is completed.
Children will select a 14.5-g piece of sugar-free flavored gum and begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw. The available flavors will include watermelon, strawberry, orange, and mixed fruit. Children will continue chewing the gum until the procedure is completed.
Sem intervenção: Control Group
Children will receive the routine blood draw procedure used in the pediatric phlebotomy unit. No additional pharmacological or nonpharmacological pain-relieving intervention will be provided. The accompanying parent will remain with the child and may talk to and maintain eye contact with the child during the procedure.

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Child-Reported Pain Intensity During Blood Draw Assessed Using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Prazo: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
Pain experienced during the blood draw will be assessed by the child using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. The scale consists of six faces scored as 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain. Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
Child-Reported Fear During Blood Draw Assessed Using the Children's Fear Scale
Prazo: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
Fear experienced during the blood draw will be assessed by the child using the Children's Fear Scale. The scale consists of five facial expressions scored from 0 to 4, where 0 indicates no fear and 4 indicates extreme fear. Higher scores indicate greater fear.
Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Parent-Reported Satisfaction With the Blood Draw Procedure
Prazo: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
Parental satisfaction with the care provided during the blood draw procedure will be assessed using a single-item numerical rating scale ranging from 1 to 10, where 1 indicates the lowest level of satisfaction and 10 indicates the highest level of satisfaction. Higher scores indicate greater parental satisfaction.
Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Colaboradores

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Gülsev Kutman, Tekirdağ City Hospital

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

15 de junho de 2026

Conclusão Primária (Estimado)

15 de setembro de 2026

Conclusão do estudo (Estimado)

15 de setembro de 2026

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

8 de agosto de 2026

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

14 de agosto de 2026

Primeira postagem (Real)

18 de agosto de 2026

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

18 de agosto de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

14 de agosto de 2026

Última verificação

1 de agosto de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • KUTMAN-PED-2026-01

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared because the informed consent process and ethics committee approval did not include the sharing of participant-level data with other researchers. As the study involves children, participant privacy and confidentiality will be strictly protected. Only aggregate study findings will be reported in scientific publications.

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .