Distraction Methods for Reducing Pain and Fear During Blood Draw in Children (PED-DISTRACT)
Effects of Pinwheel Blowing, 3D Hologram Viewing, and Gum Chewing on Pain and Fear During Blood Draw in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Blood draw is a common invasive procedure that can cause pain and fear in children. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of pinwheel blowing, 3D hologram viewing, and sugar-free gum chewing on pain and fear during blood draw among children aged 5-10 years. Parental satisfaction with the care provided during the procedure will also be evaluated.
A total of 164 children will be assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to the pinwheel blowing, 3D hologram viewing, gum chewing, or control group using block randomization stratified by age and sex. The interventions will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed. Children in the control group will receive the routine blood draw procedure without any additional nonpharmacological intervention.
Immediately after the blood draw, the child's pain and fear during the procedure will be independently evaluated by the child, the accompanying parent, and an independent observer nurse. Parental satisfaction will also be assessed after the procedure.
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Stato
Condizioni
Condizioni
Intervento / Trattamento
Intervento / Trattamento
Descrizione dettagliata
This study is a four-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving children aged 5-10 years undergoing blood draw in a pediatric phlebotomy unit. The study aims to compare three nonpharmacological methods involving different mechanisms: active distraction through pinwheel blowing, passive visual distraction through 3D hologram viewing, and rhythmic oral and gustatory stimulation through flavored gum chewing.
Eligible children will be assigned to the study groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio using block randomization stratified by sex (female or male) and age group (5-7 or 8-10 years). A block size of four will be used within each stratum.
In the pinwheel blowing group, children will begin blowing a colorful handheld pinwheel one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed. In the 3D hologram viewing group, children will watch an age-appropriate holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies, beginning one minute before the blood draw and continuing until the procedure is completed. In the gum chewing group, children will select a flavored sugar-free gum, begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw, and continue throughout the procedure. Children in the control group will receive the routine blood draw procedure without any additional pharmacological or nonpharmacological pain-relieving intervention. The accompanying parent will remain with the child throughout the procedure.
All blood draws will be performed by the same nurse, who has at least five years of pediatric phlebotomy experience, using a standardized procedure. Pain experienced during the blood draw will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, which ranges from 0 to 10. Fear will be assessed using the Children's Fear Scale, which ranges from 0 to 4. Immediately after the procedure, pain and fear will be rated independently by the child, the accompanying parent, and an independent observer nurse. Parental satisfaction will be evaluated using a single-item numerical rating scale ranging from 1 to 10.
Because of the visible nature of the interventions, the children, parents, researcher delivering the interventions, phlebotomy nurse, and observer nurse cannot be blinded to group allocation.
Tipo di studio
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Stimato)
Iscrizione
Fase
Fase
- Non applicabile
Contatti e Sedi
Contatto studio
Contatto studio
- Nome: Gülsev Kutman, Rn Msc
- Numero di telefono: 0905521392671
- Email: glsvktmn@gmail.com
Luoghi di studio
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Tekirdağ, Turchia (Türkiye)
- Reclutamento
- Tekirdağ City Hospital
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Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
- Bambino
Accetta volontari sani
Descrizione
Inclusion Criteria:
- Children aged 5 to 10 years
- Scheduled to undergo a blood draw
- No analgesic medication use within 6 hours before the procedure
- No visual, hearing, or speech impairment
- No neurological disorder
- No oral or jaw condition that may prevent gum chewing
- No chronic illness requiring frequent invasive procedures
- Written informed consent provided by the parent or legal guardian
- Verbal assent provided by the children
Exclusion Criteria:
- Previous history of syncope during blood draw procedures
- Blood draw not completed on the first attempt
- Development of syncope during the procedure
- Inability or unwillingness to complete the assigned intervention
- Withdrawal of consent or assent by the parent or child at any stage of the study
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Terapia di supporto
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)
Numero di armi
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / ArmGruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / TrattamentoIntervento / Trattamento |
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Sperimentale: 3D Hologram Viewing Group
Children will watch an age-appropriate 3D holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies.
The intervention will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
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Children will watch an age-appropriate 3D holographic video featuring colorful flying butterflies.
The holographic display will be positioned approximately 50 cm from the child.
The intervention will begin one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
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Sperimentale: Pinwheel Blowing Group
Children will begin blowing a colorful handheld pinwheel one minute before the blood draw and continue until the procedure is completed.
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Children blow a colorful handheld pinwheel with a diameter of 16 cm.
The intervention begins one minute before the blood draw and continues until the procedure is completed.
Children hold the pinwheel with the hand not used for blood collection; the researcher holds it when necessary.
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Sperimentale: Gum Chewing Group
Children will select a flavored sugar-free gum, begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw, and continue until the procedure is completed.
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Children will select a 14.5-g piece of sugar-free flavored gum and begin chewing it one minute before the blood draw.
The available flavors will include watermelon, strawberry, orange, and mixed fruit.
Children will continue chewing the gum until the procedure is completed.
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Nessun intervento: Control Group
Children will receive the routine blood draw procedure used in the pediatric phlebotomy unit.
No additional pharmacological or nonpharmacological pain-relieving intervention will be provided.
The accompanying parent will remain with the child and may talk to and maintain eye contact with the child during the procedure.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
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Child-Reported Pain Intensity During Blood Draw Assessed Using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Lasso di tempo: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Pain experienced during the blood draw will be assessed by the child using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.
The scale consists of six faces scored as 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, where 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst possible pain.
Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
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Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Child-Reported Fear During Blood Draw Assessed Using the Children's Fear Scale
Lasso di tempo: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Fear experienced during the blood draw will be assessed by the child using the Children's Fear Scale.
The scale consists of five facial expressions scored from 0 to 4, where 0 indicates no fear and 4 indicates extreme fear.
Higher scores indicate greater fear.
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Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
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Parent-Reported Satisfaction With the Blood Draw Procedure
Lasso di tempo: Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Parental satisfaction with the care provided during the blood draw procedure will be assessed using a single-item numerical rating scale ranging from 1 to 10, where 1 indicates the lowest level of satisfaction and 10 indicates the highest level of satisfaction.
Higher scores indicate greater parental satisfaction.
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Immediately after the blood draw, within approximately 5 minutes
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Sponsor
Sponsor
Collaboratori
Collaboratori
Investigatori
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: Gülsev Kutman, Tekirdağ City Hospital
Studiare le date dei record
Studia le date principali
Inizio studio (Effettivo)
Inizio studio
Completamento primario (Stimato)
Completamento primario
Completamento dello studio (Stimato)
Completamento dello studio
Date di iscrizione allo studio
Primo inviato
Primo inviato
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
Primo Inserito (Effettivo)
Primo Inserito
Aggiornamenti dei record di studio
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
Ultimo verificato
Ultimo verificato
Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Parole chiave
Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi
- Manifestazioni neurologiche
- Malattie del sistema nervoso
- Manifestazioni neurocomportamentali
- Disturbi percettivi
- Condizioni patologiche, segni e sintomi
- Segni e sintomi
- Agnosi
- Cibo
- Dieta, cibo e nutrizione
- Fenomeni fisiologici
- Cibo e bevande
- Carboidrati
- Polimeri
- Sostanze macromolecolari
- Polisaccaridi
- Prodotti biologici
- Miscele complesse
- Biopolimeri
- Gengive vegetali
- Essudati di piante
- Caramella
- Gomma da masticare
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- KUTMAN-PED-2026-01
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