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Spinal Mobility, Rigidity, and Kinesiophobia in PD and TMD

30. september 2026 opdateret af: İsmail KARA, Mustafa Kemal University

A Comparative Study of Spinal Mobility, Axial Rigidity, and Kinesiophobia Between Parkinson's Disease Patients With and Without Temporomandibular Disorders

Axial rigidity and loss of spinal mobility commonly observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) lead to postural deformities and substantial reductions in trunk flexibility. This condition can impair the biomechanics of the craniocervical and lumbopelvic kinetic chain, potentially exerting a negative impact on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) functions. In this context, the planned study aims to determine whether differences exist in spinal mobility, axial rigidity, and kinesiophobia levels between individuals with PD with and without Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD), and to investigate whether a biomechanical relationship exists between TMD and spinal mobility, axial rigidity, and kinesiophobia levels in this population.

The study will be conducted face-to-face at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Research and Training Hospital. Individuals aged 40-75 years, diagnosed with PD, staged between 1.5 and 4 according to the Hoehn and Yahr Scale, with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 24 or higher (MMSE ≥ 24), and in the "ON" state during the evaluation will be included. Individuals with a history of cervical, lumbar, maxillofacial, or TMJ surgery that could directly affect spinal mobility and posture; acute orthopedic or rheumatologic disorders that would preclude testing (e.g., advanced Ankylosing Spondylitis); comorbid neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis); complete edentulism or severe disruption of oral anatomy; active toothache; pregnancy or suspected pregnancy; and severe psychiatric disorders will be excluded. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants, and the study will be conducted on a voluntary basis. All data will remain confidential and be utilized solely for scientific purposes.

In this cross-sectional study, evaluations will be carried out in a single session for each participant. Following the recording of demographic and clinical characteristics, the presence of TMD will be assessed using the Fonseca Anamnestic Index, jaw range of motion with a millimeter ruler, and spinal mobility using the modified-modified Schober test, tragus-to-wall distance, intermalleolar distance, and occiput-to-wall distance measurements. Axial rigidity will be evaluated using item 3.3 (Rigidity) of the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), posture will be assessed using MDS-UPDRS item 3.13 (Posture) alongside craniovertebral angle measurement, and kinesiophobia will be assessed via the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia.

The resulting findings are expected to contribute to understanding the impact of spinal mobility, axial rigidity, and kinesiophobia on the temporomandibular system in PD, offering valuable clinical guidance for assessment, physiotherapy, and multidisciplinary neurological rehabilitation pathways.

Studieoversigt

Status

Rekruttering

Betingelser

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

60

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

35 år til 75 år (Voksen, Ældre voksen)

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Køn, der er berettiget til at studere

Alle

Prøveudtagningsmetode

Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

The study population consists of individuals aged 40-75 years diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (Modified Hoehn & Yahr stages 1.5-4) who are admitted to the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Research and Training Hospital.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed with Parkinson's disease
  • Modified Hoehn & Yahr stages 1.5 to 4
  • Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 24
  • Evaluated during the medication "ON" state

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of cervical, lumbar, maxillofacial, or temporomandibular joint surgery -Acute orthopedic or severe rheumatologic disease (e.g., advanced ankylosing spondylitis)
  • Additional comorbid neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis)
  • Complete edentulism or severe disruption of oral anatomy
  • Ongoing acute dental pain
  • Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
  • Severe psychiatric disorders

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Observationsmodeller: OTHER
  • Tidsperspektiver: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Kohorter og interventioner

Gruppe / kohorte
Parkinson's Disease with TMD
Parkinson's Disease without TMD

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Spinal Mobility
Tidsramme: Baseline (measured once during a single evaluation session)

Assessed through Modified-Modified Schober Test (cm), Tragus-to-Wall Distance (cm), Occiput-to-Wall Distance (cm), and Intermalleolar Distance (cm)

Baseline (measured once during a single evaluation session)

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Axial Rigidity
Tidsramme: Baseline (single evaluation session)

Assessed using the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III, item 3.3 (Rigidity). Scores range from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe)

Baseline (single evaluation session)
Kinesiophobia Level
Tidsramme: Baseline (single evaluation session)

Evaluated using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK; 17 items, 4-point Likert scale, total score range: 17-68, where higher scores indicate greater fear of movement)

Baseline (single evaluation session)
Postural Alignment and Forward Head Posture
Tidsramme: Baseline (single evaluation session)

Assessed via MDS-UPDRS item 3.13 (Posture, score 0-4) and Craniovertebral Angle measurement using a goniometer (degrees)

Baseline (single evaluation session)
Temporomandibular Joint Range of Motion
Tidsramme: Baseline (single evaluation session)

Maximum mouth opening, protrusion, retrusion, and bilateral lateral excursion measured in millimeters using a millimeter ruler.

Baseline (single evaluation session)

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

23. september 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

23. december 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

30. december 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

23. september 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

23. september 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

30. september 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

5. oktober 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

30. september 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. september 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • HMKU-PD-TMD-45

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Individual participant data will not be shared in order to protect participant confidentiality and privacy in accordance with ethical committee regulations. De-identified study data may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable academic request.

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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