Effect of Extended Reality-Supported Exercise Training on Shoulder Pain, Range of Motion, Pulmonary Function, Quality of Recovery, and Adherence to the Exercise Program in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery
Effect of Extended Reality-Supported Exercise Training on Shoulder Pain, Range of Motion, Pulmonary Function, Quality of Recovery, and Adherence to the Exercise Program in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial
The present study aims to determine the effects of an XR-supported exercise education video developed for patients undergoing thoracic surgery on shoulder pain, range of motion (ROM), pulmonary function, quality of recovery, and adherence to the exercise program. This study is designed as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomized controlled clinical trial. The study population will consist of patients undergoing thoracic surgery at the Thoracic Surgery Clinic of Mersin University Hospital between October 2026 and October 2027. As shoulder pain is the primary outcome of the study, the sample size calculation was based on the study by Reeve et al. (2010). According to the a priori power analysis performed using G*Power version 3.1, assuming a significance level of ? = 0.05, 95% statistical power (1?ß), and a two-tailed hypothesis, the required total sample size was calculated to be 54 patients. Considering a potential attrition rate of 10%, the target sample size was increased to 60 patients (30 in the XR-supported exercise education group and 30 in the control group). Data will be collected using the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Range of Motion Assessment Form, Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form, Quality of Recovery-40 Questionnaire (QoR-40), and the Exercise Follow-up Form. Upon hospital admission, all participants will complete the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Range of Motion Assessment Form, and Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form. Patients assigned to the intervention group will receive XR-supported exercise education before thoracic surgery, whereas those in the control group will receive the routine education provided in the clinic (consisting of verbal instruction and standard face-to-face patient education with demonstration). Participants in both the intervention and control groups will be assessed on postoperative days 7 and 14 using the Visual Analog Scale, Range of Motion Assessment Form, Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form, and the Quality of Recovery40 Questionnaire. During hospitalization, adherence to the prescribed exercise program will be monitored using the Exercise Follow-up Form based on patients' self-reports.
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
Following thoracic surgery, patients commonly experience several clinical problems during the recovery period, including pain related to improper positioning, the surgical incision and/or thoracic drain, inability to perform effective coughing, decreased lung capacity, development of postoperative pulmonary complications, inadequate airway clearance, restricted shoulder range of motion on the operated side, postural abnormalities, and persistent chest wall tightness. These complications adversely affect patients' quality of recovery. To prevent these complications, exercise training as part of perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation plays a key role. One of the innovative and contemporary approaches that can be incorporated into patient education is extended reality (XR) technology. A systematic and comprehensive review of the international and national literature revealed that although studies have investigated structured and standardized exercise education for patients undergoing thoracic surgery, research evaluating XR-supported exercise education remains limited. The present study aims to determine the effects of an XR-supported exercise education video developed for patients undergoing thoracic surgery on shoulder pain, range of motion (ROM), pulmonary function, quality of recovery, and adherence to the exercise program. This study is designed as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomized controlled clinical trial. The study population will consist of patients undergoing thoracic surgery at the Thoracic Surgery Clinic of Mersin University Hospital between October 2026 and October 2027. As shoulder pain is the primary outcome of the study, the sample size calculation was based on the study by Reeve et al. (2010). According to the a priori power analysis performed using G*Power version 3.1, assuming a significance level of ? = 0.05, 95% statistical power (1?ß), and a two-tailed hypothesis, the required total sample size was calculated to be 54 patients. Considering a potential attrition rate of 10%, the target sample size was increased to 60 patients (30 in the XR-supported exercise education group and 30 in the control group). Data will be collected using the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Range of Motion Assessment Form, Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form, Quality of Recovery-40 Questionnaire (QoR-40), and the Exercise Follow-up Form. Upon hospital admission, all participants will complete the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Range of Motion Assessment Form, and Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form. Patients assigned to the intervention group will receive XR-supported exercise education before thoracic surgery, whereas those in the control group will receive the routine education provided in the clinic (consisting of verbal instruction and standard face-to-face patient education with demonstration). Participants in both the intervention and control groups will be assessed on postoperative days 7 and 14 using the Visual Analog Scale, Range of Motion Assessment Form, Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Follow-up Form, and the Quality of Recovery40 Questionnaire. During hospitalization, adherence to the prescribed exercise program will be monitored using the Exercise Follow-up Form based on patients' self-reports. Descriptive characteristics of the participants will be presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (minimum maximum), frequency, and percentage. After assessing the normality of data distribution, continuous variables with normal distribution will be compared between the two independent groups using the independent samples t-test. Continuous variables that do not follow a normal distribution will be analyzed using the Mann Whitney U test. Statistical significance will be accepted at p 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. The study findings are expected to be published in an SCI-Expanded (Q1) journal and presented as an abstract at an international scientific congress. The innovative XR-supported educational approach developed for patients undergoing thoracic surgery is expected to improve patient outcomes and treatment adherence while reducing healthcare costs.
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiekontakt
Studiekontakt
- Navn: GÜLAY ALTUN UĞRAŞ
- Telefonnummer: 03246000033
- E-mail: gulaltun@mersin.edu.tr
Undersøgelse Kontakt Backup
- Navn: GAMZE BOZKUL
Studiesteder
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Mersin, Tyrkiet (Türkiye), 33400
- Mersin Unıversıty
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Kontakt:
- Gamze Bozkul
- E-mail: gamze.bozkul@gmail.com
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Kontakt:
- E-mail: gamze.bozkul@gmail.com
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Underforsker:
- Gamze Bozkul
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Ledende efterforsker:
- Gülay ALTUN UĞRAŞ
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Køn, der er berettiget til at studere
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients who have undergone thoracic surgery (wedge resection, pneumonectomy, lobectomy, or segmentectomy),
- Patients who have provided written informed consent to participate in the study,
- Patients who are literate,
- Patients aged 18 years or older,
- Patients who are hemodynamically stable and eligible for mobilization,
- Patients who are at least 24-48 hours postoperatively and have been permitted to undergo early mobilization,
- Patients with adequate visual and auditory abilities,
- Patients without any mental or cognitive disorders,
- Patients who can communicate in Turkish and understand instructions,
- Patients with no previous experience using virtual reality (VR) headsets.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients who do not wish to participate in the study,
- Patients with preoperative shoulder joint movement limitations, contractures, deficits, or similar conditions.
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Andet
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Enkelt
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Eksperimentel: Experimental group
Patients in the intervention group will receive XR-supported exercise training before thoracic surgery |
Extended reality-supported exercise training will be taught after the patient is admitted to the thoracic surgery clinic before surgery (one day before the operation). Under the supervision of the researchers, patients will perform the exercises daily throughout their hospital stay. Each supervised exercise session will be conducted in accordance with a standardized training protocol. Starting from postoperative day 0, diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises will be performed for 8-10 repetitions daily. Shoulder range of motion (ROM) exercises will be initiated on postoperative day 1 and performed for 10-12 repetitions in 3 sets. In addition to the researcher-supervised sessions, patients will be instructed to perform diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises approximately every two hours while awake, and shoulder ROM exercises three times a day until postoperative day 14. |
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Ingen indgriben: Control group
Control group will receive standard patient education as part of the clinic's routine care practices, consisting of face-to-face verbal information and face-to-face demonstrations provided by healthcare professionals. |
Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Postoperative Pain
Tidsramme: 7months
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Visual Analog Scale (VAS): This scale is a horizontal line that allows patients to subjectively rate their pain intensity on a scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). It will be used to assess patients' postoperative pain levels. |
7months
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Joint Range of Motion
Tidsramme: 7 months
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Joint Range of Motion (ROM) Assessment Form: The patient's ROM will be assessed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the exercise training intervention using an electronic digital inclinometer purchased through the project budget. |
7 months
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Pulmonary Function Test FVC (L)
Tidsramme: 7 months
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Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Parameters Monitoring Form: The patient's pulmonary function tests (PFTs) will be measured immediately after performing the exercises using the "Portable Digital Spirometer" (CONTEC SP80b, Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd., China), which belongs to the principal investigator (G.A.U.).During the assessment, the FVC (L) parameters will be recorded in the Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Monitoring Form. |
7 months
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Quality of Recovery
Tidsramme: 7 months
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Quality of Recovery-40 Questionnaire (QoR-40): This scale was developed by Myles et al to assess the quality of recovery following anesthesia and surgery. |
7 months
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Pulmonary Function Test FEV1 (L)
Tidsramme: 7 months
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Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Parameters Monitoring Form: The patient's pulmonary function tests (PFTs) will be measured immediately after performing the exercises using the "Portable Digital Spirometer" (CONTEC SP80b, Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd., China), which belongs to the principal investigator (G.A.U.).During the assessment, the FEV1 (L) parameters will be recorded in the Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Monitoring Form. |
7 months
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Pulmonary Function Test FEV1/FVC (%)
Tidsramme: 7 months
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Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Parameters Monitoring Form: The patient's pulmonary function tests (PFTs) will be measured immediately after performing the exercises using the "Portable Digital Spirometer" (CONTEC SP80b, Contec Medical Systems Co., Ltd., China), which belongs to the principal investigator (G.A.U.).During the assessment, the FEV1/FVC (%) parameters will be recorded in the Pulmonary Function Test Parameters Monitoring Form. |
7 months
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Samarbejdspartnere
Samarbejdspartnere
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Studiestol: Gülay altun uğraş, Mersin University
Publikationer og nyttige links
Generelle publikationer
- Andrews C, Southworth MK, Silva JNA, Silva JR. Extended Reality in Medical Practice. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2019 Mar 30;21(4):18. doi: 10.1007/s11936-019-0722-7.
- Ahmad AM. Essentials of Physiotherapy after Thoracic Surgery: What Physiotherapists Need to Know. A Narrative Review. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Oct;51(5):293-307. doi: 10.5090/kjtcs.2018.51.5.293. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
- Abd El Monem Beltagy, W., Said Taha, A., & Ali Ibrahim, R. (2022). Effect of inspiratory muscle training program on health outcomes among patients with thoracic surgery. Journal of Nursing Science Benha University, 3(2), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.21608/ jnsbu.2022.244323
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Anslået)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- TU-BOZKUL-022
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?
Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter
Studerer et amerikansk FDA-reguleret lægemiddelprodukt
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