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The Effect of Physical Activity on Knee Osteoarthritis, Pain and Gait

11. juni 2026 opdateret af: Anglia Ruskin University

The Effect of Retro Walking on Pain and Gait Biomechanics Using Non-linear Analysis in People With Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis, a chronic musculoskeletal disease, is the most prevalent type of osteoarthritis and the leading cause of disability and major healthcare costs worldwide. The pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood and there are few non-invasive disease-modifying therapies available to patients. Therefore, there is a critical need to enhance therapeutic interventions, which requires improvement of our understanding of knee osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Increasing evidence suggests that physical activity and exercise training are cost-effective and widely available interventions for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, however, consideration of type of physical activity and optimal exercise modality are needed to reduce pain, improve gait, knee joint function, stiffness, and muscle weakness in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

The aim of this pilot clinical trial is to compare individuals with knee osteoarthritis who have not exercised with individuals that have performed retro walking exercise chosen from the systematic review and survey we have conducted previously to reduce pain and improve gait.

Non-linear analyses will be performed to determine the effects of exercise intervention on gait biomechanics and stability of movement in these patients. These findings may form a basis for recommendations of exercise/physical activity interventions for the benefits of patients with knee osteoarthritis including pain reduction, mobility improvement and gait modification.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

44

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Undersøgelse Kontakt Backup

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male and female
  • Any ethnicity
  • Adults over 18 years old
  • Meet the UK guidelines for physical activity supported by NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) and NHS (able to exercise if it is safe with regular breaks)
  • Otherwise, adults with clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis according to NICE criteria or confirmed by a healthcare professional able and willing to participate and provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any musculoskeletal injury
  • Any conditions known to affects gait (e.g. Parkinson's disease or stroke)
  • Any surgical intervention in the previous 12 months on lower limbs
  • Surgical replacement of hip or knee joints
  • BMI (body mass index) over 35
  • Athletes or take part in significant recreational activity
  • Takes any medication known to affect the gait and ability to walk
  • Received an intra-articular injection in the last 3 months
  • Have been told by medical professionals that they should not take part in any intensity exercise/physical activity

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Forebyggelse
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Exercise
Participants in the intervention group will perform treadmill retro walking exercise 3 days/week for 6 weeks.
Andet: Retro walking (backwards walking) on a treadmill

Prior to the intervention participants will be made familiar with retro walking on the treadmill. The exercise will consist of a forward walking for 5min on the treadmill for warm-up followed by retro walking for 10min and a cool-down for 5min. Participants will be instructed to increase their retro walking time up to 30min if the pain sensation continuously was reduced (pain scores < 3 numerical rating scale).

The comfortable speed of the retro walking will be determined by the participant under supervision of the researchers. No slopes or inclination will be used in this study for participant safety. In the warm-up and cool-down sessions participants will be asked to perform muscle stretch, ankle toe movements and heel raise exercises.

Andre navne:
  • Dyrke motion
Ingen indgriben: Control
Participants in the control group will maintain their existing level of activity.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Knee function and associated frequency and severity of pain
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks

Participants' opinion about their own knee function and associated problems will be assessed through self-administered and validated questionnaire Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

KOOS questionnaire designed to collectively evaluate and measure five outcomes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis including:

Pain: Frequency and severity of knee pain. Symptoms: Swelling, grinding, stiffness, and range of motion issues. Activities of Daily Living (ADL): Difficulty with physical tasks like stairs, rising from a seat, or getting in and out of a car.

Sports and Recreation Function: The ability to perform higher-level physical activities, such as running, squatting, or playing sports.

Quality of Life (QOL): Knee-related lifestyle limitations and personal awareness of the joint.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Pain intensity
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 up to 6 weeks

A standardised tool numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) will be used to measure a participants' pain intensity. It is an 11-point scale ranging from 0 to 10.

0: Represents "no pain" whereas 10: Represents the "worst imaginable pain". Participants can state their number verbally or circle it on a chart.
Baseline or Day 1 up to 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in spatiotemporal parameter walking speed at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Spatiotemporal parameter walking speed (velocity, meters/sec) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in spatiotemporal parameter cadence at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Spatiotemporal parameter cadence (steps/min) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in spatiotemporal parameter stride/step length at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Spatiotemporal parameter stride/step length (meters or cm) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in spatiotemporal parameter swing/stance phases at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Spatiotemporal parameter swing/stance phases (% of gait cycle) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in spatiotemporal parameter double support time at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Spatiotemporal parameter double support time (% of gait cycle) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in kinetic parameter knee adduction moment (KAM) at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Kinetic parameter knee adduction moment (KAM) (Newton meters Nm) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in kinetic parameter knee flexion/extension moment at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Kinetic parameter knee flexion/extension moment (Newton meters Nm) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in kinetic parameter vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Kinetic parameter vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (Newtons N) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in kinetic parameter joint contact force (JCF) at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Kinetic parameter joint contact force (JCF) (Newtons N) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in kinematic parameter knee flexion angle at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Kinematic parameter knee flexion angle (Degrees (°)) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in kinematic parameter Range of Motion (ROM) at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Kinematic parameter Range of Motion (ROM) (Degrees (°)) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The gait biomechanics - change from baseline in kinematic parameter knee adduction/abduction at 6 weeks
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Kinematic parameter knee adduction/abduction (Degrees (°)) will be assessed using VICON motion capture analysis system.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
Gait stability
Tidsramme: Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks
The stability of walking will be measured using non-linear analysis including Lyapunov (1/s or s^(-1)) and Hurst Exponents.
Baseline or Day 1 and end of study at 6 weeks

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Anglia Ruskin University

Samarbejdspartnere

Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Nuffield Health

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

1. juli 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

1. september 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

1. december 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

18. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

11. juni 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

16. juni 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

16. juni 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

11. juni 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. marts 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 356992

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Kliniske forsøg med Slidgigt (OA) i knæet

Kliniske forsøg med Retro walking (backwards walking) on a treadmill

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