Inflammatory Response: General vs Spinal Anesthesia
A Cellular-Level Assessment of the Inflammatory Response in Inguinal Hernia Repair Under General Versus Spinal Anesthesia
Objective:
This study aimed to compare the effects of general and spinal anesthesia on the inflammatory response by measuring intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin (SELP), and thrombomodulin (TM) levels in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 43 patients scheduled for IHR were divided into two groups: general anesthesia (Group G, n=21) and spinal anesthesia (Group S, n=22). Blood samples were collected at the following time points: for Group G-before induction (T0), after intubation (T1), 15 minutes after surgical incision (T2) and 15 minutes after final skin suturing (T3); for Group S-before spinal anesthesia (T0), after spinal anesthesia (T1), 15 minutes after surgical incision (T2) and 15 minutes after final skin suturing (T3). ICAM-1, SELP and TM levels were analyzed.
Studienübersicht
Status
Status
Bedingungen
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Intervention / Behandlung
Detaillierte Beschreibung
Approval for this study was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Istanbul Medipol University (approval number: E-10840098-772.02-5920, dated 18/11/21). The study was conducted at the University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bagcılar Training and Research Hospital. Patients were included if they had provided informed consent for either regional or general anesthesia during preoperative evaluation; were aged between 18 and 65 years; had a body weight ≥45 kg and a body mass index (BMI) between 18-32 kg/m²; classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II; and scheduled for elective IHR.
Exclusion criteria were: history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or malignancy; severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (e.g., decompensated heart failure, history of cerebrovascular accident); severe liver or renal dysfunction; hematologic disorders, thromboembolism or coagulopathies; chronic infections, immune or endocrine disorders; regular use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications; history of immune therapy or hormonal therapy; surgery or blood transfusion within the past month; pregnancy or lactation; preoperative abnormal white blood cell count or neutrophil percentage; hemoglobin <8 g/dL; abnormal coagulation tests; or presence of intracranial space-occupying lesions or conditions associated with increased intracranial pressure.
Exclusion during the study included: mechanical ventilation duration >30 minutes, surgical changes or intraoperative complications.
A power analysis performed prior to the study determined a minimum of 20 patients per group (total of 40) to achieve 80% power with α = 0.05 and β = 0.2. Considering potential exclusions, the sample size was increased by 50%, and 60 patients were evaluated for inclusion.
Participants were randomly assigned using a computer-generated randomization program into two groups: general anesthesia (n=30) and spinal anesthesia (n=30). Following exclusions, the final analysis included 21 patients in the general anesthesia group (Group G) and 22 patients in the spinal anesthesia group (Group S).
Studientyp
Studientyp
Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)
Einschreibung
Phase
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Studienorte
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Istanbul, Türkei (türkiye), 34200
- Bagcılar Training Research Hospital
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Teilnahmekriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
- Erwachsene
- Älterer Erwachsener
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Beschreibung
nclusion Criteria: Age between 18 and 65 years Patients scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II Body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 32 kg/m² Body weight ≥45 kg Patients who provided informed consent for general or spinal anesthesia
Exclusion Criteria:
History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or malignancy Severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease Severe hepatic or renal dysfunction Hematologic disorders, coagulopathy, or thromboembolic disease Chronic infection, immune, or endocrine disorders Use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications History of immunotherapy or hormonal therapy Surgery or blood transfusion within the past 1 month Pregnancy or breastfeeding Abnormal preoperative white blood cell count or neutrophil percentage Hemoglobin <8 g/dL Abnormal coagulation test results Intracranial space-occupying lesion or increased intracranial pressure
Studienplan
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Unterstützende Pflege
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)
Anzahl der Arme
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / ArmTeilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlungIntervention / Behandlung |
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Sonstiges: general anesthesia (n=30)
Following 3 minutes of preoxygenation with 100% oxygen via face mask, anesthesia was induced with IV propofol (2.5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (1 µg/kg).
Once loss of consciousness was confirmed, IV rocuronium (0.2 mg/kg) was administered to facilitate insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA).
LMA sizes 3 or 4 were used for female patients and sizes 4 or 5 for male patients based on weight.
Correct LMA placement was confirmed by auscultation
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Compared to general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia may result in a reduced inflammatory response during inguinal hernia repair.
Andere Namen:
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Sonstiges: spinal anesthesia (n=30).
With the patient in a seated position (knees slightly flexed, head bent forward, arms crossed at chest level), a 25G Quincke needle was inserted via the midline approach at the L4-L5 interspace.
After confirming free flow of clear cerebrospinal fluid, 2.5-3 mL (12.5-15 mg) of hyperbaric bupivacaine was injected into the subarachnoid space based on patient height.
Sensory and motor block levels were assessed.
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Compared to general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia may result in a reduced inflammatory response during inguinal hernia repair.
Andere Namen:
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Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Perioperative change in serum inflammatory markers
Zeitfenster: Perioperative change in serum ICAM-1 level,P-selectin (SELP) level,thrombomodulin (TM) level
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Baseline (preoperative), immediately after anesthesia induction (before incision), 15 minutes after surgical incision, and 15 minutes after skin closure
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Perioperative change in serum ICAM-1 level,P-selectin (SELP) level,thrombomodulin (TM) level
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Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
|---|---|---|
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Perioperative MAP values, preoperative inflammatory blood markers
Zeitfenster: Baseline (preoperative), immediately after anesthesia induction (before incision), 15 minutes after surgical incision, and 15 minutes after skin closure
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Secondary outcomes included perioperative MAP values measured ,inflammatory markers (leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio)
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Baseline (preoperative), immediately after anesthesia induction (before incision), 15 minutes after surgical incision, and 15 minutes after skin closure
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Sponsor
Sponsor
Mitarbeiter
Mitarbeiter
Publikationen und hilfreiche Links
Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen
- Finsterwald M, Muster M, Farshad M, Saporito A, Brada M, Aguirre JA. Spinal versus general anesthesia for lumbar spine surgery in high risk patients: Perioperative hemodynamic stability, complications and costs. J Clin Anesth. 2018 May;46:3-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2018.01.004. Epub 2018 Jan 6.
- Singh V, Kaur R, Kumari P, Pasricha C, Singh R. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1: Gatekeepers in various inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders. Clin Chim Acta. 2023 Aug 1;548:117487. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117487. Epub 2023 Jul 11.
- Di Vita G, D'Agostino P, Patti R, Arcara M, Caruso G, Davi V, Cillari E. Acute inflammatory response after inguinal and incisional hernia repair with implantation of polypropylene mesh of different size. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2005 Aug;390(4):306-11. doi: 10.1007/s00423-004-0534-3. Epub 2005 Feb 3.
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)
Studienbeginn
Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)
Primärer Abschluss
Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)
Studienabschluss
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Zuerst gepostet
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Letztes Update gepostet
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Zuletzt verifiziert
Zuletzt verifiziert
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Schlüsselwörter
Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- SBU BAGCILAR
- Sezen Kumaş SOLAK (Andere Kennung: Bağcılae erh)
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