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The Effect of Isometric Exercise and Dry Heat Application on PIVC

14. Juli 2026 aktualisiert von: Hakime Aslan, Inonu University

The Effect of Isometric Exercise and Dry Heat Application on Venous Fullness and Vein Visibility in Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of isometric exercise and dry heat application technique on venous fullness and vein visibility in cancer patients.

Design: This study is a randomized controlled trial model. Methods: This study was conducted in the outpatient chemotherapy unit of Malatya Turgut Ozal Medical Center Oncology Hospital, Türkiye. A total of 180 patients were enrolled and randomly allocated using block randomization to an isometric exercise group (n = 60), a dry heat application group (n = 60), or a control group (n = 60). Sample size was determined through power analysis. Data were collected using the "Descriptive Information Form", "Vein Rating Scale" and "Vein Assessment Tool".

Studienübersicht

Status

Abgeschlossen

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

Patients admitted to the chemotherapy unit were approached before treatment and informed about the purpose and procedures of the study. Eligibility was assessed according to the inclusion criteria, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients who met the eligibility criteria and voluntarily agreed to participate.

The data collection procedure consisted of the following steps:

Baseline assessment: Participants first completed the socio-demographic section of the Patient Information Form, and the responses were recorded by the researcher.

Pre-intervention vein assessment: A tourniquet was applied to the patient's upper extremity, and vein characteristics were assessed by the nurse using the Vein Rating Scale (VRS) and the Vein Assessment Tool (VAT). During this assessment, no manoeuvres intended to enhance vein visibility (e.g., repeated hand opening and closing, tapping, or slapping the vein) were permitted after tourniquet application. The tourniquet was then removed, and the patient rested for 10 minutes before baseline (pre-test) measurements were recorded.

Intervention: Participants received one of the study interventions according to their assigned group.

Isometric exercise group: Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times.

Dry heat application group: A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation.

Control group: Participants received routine peripheral intravenous catheterisation care without any additional intervention.

Post-intervention vein assessment: Immediately after completion of the intervention, a tourniquet was reapplied, and vein characteristics were reassessed by the nurse using the VRS and VAT. These measurements constituted the post-test assessment.

Peripheral intravenous catheterisation: Following the post-test assessment, peripheral intravenous catheterisation was performed by the chemotherapy nurse according to standard clinical practice.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

180

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Undergoing chemotherapy treatment,
  • Receiving at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy treatment,
  • Not diagnosed with diabetes and/or without peripheral neuropathy,
  • Not receiving antithrombotic therapy,
  • Without bleeding tendency and thrombocytopenia,
  • No deep vein thrombosis,
  • No complications associated with PIVC (such as ecchymosis, hematoma, scarring, edema, infiltration, extravasation and phlebitis),
  • No allergy or sensitivity to heat,
  • No metal prosthesis in the extremity to be heat therapy applied,
  • No limb deformity that would prevent performing isometric exercises,
  • No communication problems,
  • No history of paralysis
  • Patients who volunteered to participate in the study were included.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Total mastectomy,
  • With peripheral nerve disease,
  • More than 2 peripheral IV catheters applied,
  • Psychiatric illness,
  • People with intellectual disabilities at a level that cannot perceive cognitive functions and
  • Individuals who did not perform or did not want to perform the procedures applied during the research process were not included in the study.

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Unterstützende Pflege
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Crossover-Aufgabe
  • Maskierung: Single

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Isometric exercise group
Isometric exercise group: Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times.
Sonstiges: Isometric exercise
articipants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times.
Experimental: Dry heat application group
A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation.
Sonstiges: Dry heat application
A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Effects of isometric exercise
Zeitfenster: Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention
Participants were provided with silicone hand exercise balls and instructed to squeeze and release the ball 15-20 times. Vein status is evaluated as the "Vein Rating scale" and the "Vein Assessment Tool". There was a visual analog scale that could be graded from 1 to 10, which evaluated the satisfaction of the nurse with the procedure and the patient's satisfaction with the previous application and the current application. The assessment of satisfaction level was performed after the IV catheter was inserted.
Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Effects of dry heat application
Zeitfenster: Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention
Description: A chemical gel compress heated to 40 ± 2°C was applied to the selected extremity. Based on previous evidence, maintaining local heat at 40 ± 2°C for at least 5 minutes is sufficient to induce vasodilation. Vein status is evaluated as the "Vein Rating scale" and the "Vein Assessment Tool". There was a visual analog scale that could be graded from 1 to 10, which evaluated the satisfaction of the nurse with the procedure and the patient's satisfaction with the previous application and the current application. The assessment of satisfaction level was performed after the IV catheter was inserted.
Vein Rating Scale:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention Vein Assessment Tool:At baseline (before the intervention) and immediately after the intervention

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Inonu University

Ermittler

  • Hauptermittler: Hakime Aslan, Faculty of Nursing

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

21. August 2021

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

15. Juli 2023

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

30. Juli 2023

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

8. Juli 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

14. Juli 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

15. Juli 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

15. Juli 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

14. Juli 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juli 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Schlüsselwörter

Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • HakimeAslann

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

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NEIN

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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