Contaminación del Cabello de Niños Pequeños Durante una Intoxicación Aguda por Cannabis (INTERACTION)

In cases of pediatric cannabis intoxication, hair analysis is frequently used to assess prior exposure. However, in young children, especially under 3 years old, hair porosity raises concerns about external contamination, notably through sweat. It has been hypothesized that cannabinoids could migrate into the hair via sweat shortly after ingestion, leading to self-contamination and potentially compromising the interpretation of results. This is particularly relevant when trying to distinguish acute ingestion from chronic exposure. In adults, several studies have shown no detectable sudoral concentrations of THC-COOH, the main metabolite used in hair testing, suggesting that such contamination is unlikely. However, due to developmental differences in pharmacokinetics, these findings cannot yet be extrapolated to children. Confirming the absence of THC-COOH in pediatric sweat would strengthen the validity of hair testing as a retrospective exposure tool.

This study would be performed on young children admitted to the emergency department for accidental cannabis intoxication. Sweat would be collected at inclusion using a similar procedure to a sweat test by stimulating sudation using pilocarpine and mild electrical stimulation. Cannabinoids would be analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which is the gold standard technique.

Follow-up would be simple, consisting in a single consultation 1 to 2 months following inclusion. This consultation is part of the usual medical care for young children following cannabis intoxication.