Ethnic/Racial Differences in Metabolism and DNA Adduct Formation

Inclusion Criteria:

• One of the three targeted ethnic groups:

  • Japanese American - two parents of Japanese descent
  • Non-Hispanic Whites - two parents of non-Hispanic white descent
  • Native Hawaiians will include individuals with at least one parent of Hawaiian descent;
• Smoke 5 cigarettes per day over the past three months;
• >21 years of age;
• Consumes 14 or fewer drinks of alcohol per week;
• Generally stable and good health (determined by review of medical history);
• Able to provide written voluntary consent before performance of any study related procedure.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current use of other nicotine containing products for > 4 times per month (and no use of any nicotine-containing products except cigarettes for 2 weeks prior to their study visits);
• Acute or uncontrolled medical or psychiatric conditions;
• Currently taking any medications that affect relevant metabolic enzymes or anti- inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen (this will be reviewed by study investigators on a case-by-case basis);
• Active infection (e.g., influenza, cold, respiratory infection, sinus infection) at the time of the visit;
• Pregnant or nursing or planning on becoming pregnant during the study;
• Unable to read and understand English.