Effects of Bedtime Snack Composition on Overnight Glucose in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Bedtime Snack Composition and Overnight Glycemic Profiles in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using Multiple Daily Injections: A Randomized Crossover Study
This study compared four types of bedtime snacks in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections. The aim was to determine whether bedtime snack nutrient composition affects overnight glucose levels.
Participants received four different bedtime snacks: carbohydrate alone, carbohydrate with protein, carbohydrate with fat, and carbohydrate with fiber. The order of the four snack types was randomly assigned. Each snack type was consumed at 9:00 PM for three consecutive nights without an additional insulin dose for the snack. All participants received all four snack types during the study.
Overnight glucose levels were measured from 9:00 PM to 9:00 AM using a blinded continuous glucose monitoring system. The primary outcome was the percentage of time glucose levels remained between 70 and 180 mg/dL during the overnight period. Secondary outcomes included measures of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glucose variability, and changes in glucose levels during different periods of the night.
Aperçu de l'étude
Statut
Statut
Les conditions
Les conditions
Intervention / Traitement
Intervention / Traitement
Type d'étude
Type d'étude
Inscription (Réel)
Inscription
Phase
Phase
- N'est pas applicable
Contacts et emplacements
Lieux d'étude
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Fatih
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Istanbul, Fatih, Turquie (Türkiye), 34098
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine
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Critères de participation
Critère d'éligibilité
Critère d'éligibilité
Âges éligibles pour étudier
- Enfant
- Adulte
Accepte les volontaires sains
La description
Inclusion Criteria:
Age 6-18 years Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for more than 1 year Completion of the remission period Treatment with multiple daily insulin injections Completion of all three stages of carbohydrate-counting education Ability to perform capillary blood glucose monitoring at least four times daily Total daily insulin dose >0.5 U/kg/day Mean HbA1c <9.6% during the preceding 3 months
Exclusion Criteria:
Insulin pump or sensor-augmented pump therapy Incomplete carbohydrate-counting education Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia Intestinal malabsorption Delayed gastric emptying Celiac disease or any other condition requiring dietary restriction Cystic fibrosis or other gastrointestinal disorders Diabetes-related chronic complications Physical or mental disability limiting adherence to study procedures Eating behavior disorders Active infection
Plan d'étude
Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?
Détails de conception
- Objectif principal: Traitement
- Répartition: Randomisé
- Modèle interventionnel: Affectation croisée
- Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)
Nombre de bras
Armes et Interventions
Groupe de participants / BrasGroupe de participants / Bras |
Intervention / TraitementIntervention / Traitement |
|---|---|
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Expérimental: Sequence 1: CHO First
Participants received the four bedtime snack interventions in the following order: CHO, CHO+PRO, CHO+FAT, and CHO+FIB.
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Participants consumed an apple as a carbohydrate-only bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed a high-protein fresh cheese bedtime snack containing carbohydrate and protein at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed an apple with nuts as a carbohydrate-plus-fat bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed rye crispbread as a carbohydrate-plus-fiber bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
|
|
Expérimental: Sequence 2: CHO+PRO First
Participants received the four bedtime snack interventions in the following order: CHO+PRO, CHO+FAT, CHO+FIB, and CHO.
|
Participants consumed an apple as a carbohydrate-only bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed a high-protein fresh cheese bedtime snack containing carbohydrate and protein at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed an apple with nuts as a carbohydrate-plus-fat bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed rye crispbread as a carbohydrate-plus-fiber bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
|
|
Expérimental: Sequence 3: CHO+FAT First
Participants received the four bedtime snack interventions in the following order: CHO+FAT, CHO+FIB, CHO, and CHO+PRO.
|
Participants consumed an apple as a carbohydrate-only bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed a high-protein fresh cheese bedtime snack containing carbohydrate and protein at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed an apple with nuts as a carbohydrate-plus-fat bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed rye crispbread as a carbohydrate-plus-fiber bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
|
|
Expérimental: Sequence 4: CHO+FIB First
Participants received the four bedtime snack interventions in the following order: CHO+FIB, CHO, CHO+PRO, and CHO+FAT.
|
Participants consumed an apple as a carbohydrate-only bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed a high-protein fresh cheese bedtime snack containing carbohydrate and protein at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed an apple with nuts as a carbohydrate-plus-fat bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
Participants consumed rye crispbread as a carbohydrate-plus-fiber bedtime snack at 21:00.
The snack was consumed within 10 minutes, and no additional bolus insulin was administered for the snack.
This intervention was followed for three consecutive nights.
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Que mesure l'étude ?
Principaux critères de jugement
Principaux critères de jugement
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
|
Overnight Time in Range (70-180 mg/dL)
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) readings within the target glucose range of 70-180 mg/dL during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Mesures de résultats secondaires
Mesures de résultats secondaires
Mesure des résultats |
Description de la mesure |
Délai |
|---|---|---|
|
Mean Overnight Sensor Glucose
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Mean continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) glucose concentration during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
|
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Percentage of Overnight Time in Tight Range (70-140 mg/dL)vernight Sensor Glucose
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of CGM readings within the glucose range of 70-140 mg/dL during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of Overnight Time Below Range (<70 mg/dL)
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of CGM readings below 70 mg/dL during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of Overnight Time Below Range (<54 mg/dL)
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of CGM readings below 54 mg/dL during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of Overnight Time Above Range (>180 mg/dL)
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of CGM readings above 180 mg/dL during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of Overnight Time Above Range (>250 mg/dL)
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Percentage of CGM readings above 250 mg/dL during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Coefficient of Variation of Overnight Sensor Glucose
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Coefficient of variation of CGM glucose values during the overnight period, expressed as a percentage
|
12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Peak Overnight Sensor Glucose
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Highest CGM glucose concentration recorded during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Nadir Overnight Sensor Glucose
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Lowest CGM glucose concentration recorded during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Peak-to-Nadir Overnight Glucose Amplitude
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Difference between the highest and lowest CGM glucose concentrations during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Incremental Area Under the Overnight Glucose Curve
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Incremental area under the CGM glucose curve during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Number of Overnight Hypoglycemic Events
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Number of hypoglycemic events occurring during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Number of Overnight Hyperglycemic Events
Délai: 12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
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Number of hyperglycemic events occurring during the overnight period following each bedtime snack intervention.
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12 hours after bedtime snack consumption (21:00-09:00)
|
Collaborateurs et enquêteurs
Parrainer
Parrainer
Dates d'enregistrement des études
Dates principales de l'étude
Début de l'étude (Réel)
Début de l'étude
Achèvement primaire (Réel)
Achèvement primaire
Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)
Achèvement de l'étude
Dates d'inscription aux études
Première soumission
Première soumission
Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Première publication (Réel)
Première publication
Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude
Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)
Dernière mise à jour publiée
Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité
Dernière vérification
Dernière vérification
Plus d'information
Termes liés à cette étude
Mots clés
Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
Autres numéros d'identification d'étude
- BEDTIME-SNACK-T1D
Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)
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Description du régime IPD
Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude
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