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3D Versus Low-Temperature Thermoplastic Relative Motion Orthosis: MP Joint Stabilization

3 novembre 2026 mis à jour par: Enver Guven

Relative motion flexion (RMF) orthoses are used in hand rehabilitation to position finger joints in a controlled degree of flexion. These orthoses are traditionally made from low-temperature thermoplastic materials. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers an alternative method of producing individually designed orthoses using different filament materials.

The purpose of this study was to compare finger joint stabilization and user satisfaction among RMF orthoses made from two 3D-printing materials, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polylactic acid (PLA), and a conventional low-temperature thermoplastic (LTT) material.

The study included 30 healthy adult volunteers. Each participant used all three types of RMF orthoses for two consecutive days per orthosis, with the order of application randomly determined. The orthoses were designed to position the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint at 30 degrees of flexion.

Joint positioning was evaluated using a goniometer, and user satisfaction was assessed using the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0).

The study aimed to provide comparative information about orthosis materials and fabrication methods that may help guide future orthotic applications in hand rehabilitation.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Complété

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Réel)

30

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Lieux d'étude

      • Ankara, Turquie (Türkiye)
        • Ankara University, Faculty of Health Sciences

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

18 ans à 65 ans (Adulte, Adulte plus âgé)

Accepte les volontaires sains

Oui

Sexes éligibles pour l'étude

Tout

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy adult volunteers.
  • No orthopedic or neurological impairments involving the upper extremities.
  • No reported history of systemic illness or previous surgical interventions.
  • Provision of written informed consent before enrollment.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current upper extremity pain.
  • Joint deformities.
  • Skin integrity problems.
  • Any condition that could interfere with RMF orthosis application or wearing.

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Autre
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation croisée
  • Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: TPU-PLA-LTT

Participants received three RMF orthoses in the following order: 3D-printed TPU, 3D-printed PLA, and conventional LTT. Each orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

Açıklamayı kopyala

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

A conventional relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using Orficast More low-temperature thermoplastic material (Orfit Industries, Belgium). The orthosis was manually molded directly on the participant's hand, positioning the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion, verified using a goniometer. The orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

Expérimental: TPU-LTT-PLA

Participants received three RMF orthoses in the following order: 3D-printed TPU, conventional LTT, and 3D-printed PLA. Each orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

Açıklamayı kopyala

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

A conventional relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using Orficast More low-temperature thermoplastic material (Orfit Industries, Belgium). The orthosis was manually molded directly on the participant's hand, positioning the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion, verified using a goniometer. The orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

Expérimental: PLA-TPU-LTT

Participants received three RMF orthoses in the following order: 3D-printed PLA, 3D-printed TPU, and conventional LTT. Each orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

Açıklamayı kopyala

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

Açıklamayı kopyala

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

A conventional relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using Orficast More low-temperature thermoplastic material (Orfit Industries, Belgium). The orthosis was manually molded directly on the participant's hand, positioning the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion, verified using a goniometer. The orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

Expérimental: PLA-LTT-TPU

Participants received three RMF orthoses in the following order: 3D-printed PLA, conventional LTT, and 3D-printed TPU. Each orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

Açıklamayı kopyala

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

A conventional relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using Orficast More low-temperature thermoplastic material (Orfit Industries, Belgium). The orthosis was manually molded directly on the participant's hand, positioning the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion, verified using a goniometer. The orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

Expérimental: LTT-TPU-PLA

Participants received three RMF orthoses in the following order: conventional LTT, 3D-printed TPU, and 3D-printed PLA. Each orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

Açıklamayı kopyala

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

A conventional relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using Orficast More low-temperature thermoplastic material (Orfit Industries, Belgium). The orthosis was manually molded directly on the participant's hand, positioning the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion, verified using a goniometer. The orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

Expérimental: LTT-PLA-TPU

Participants received three RMF orthoses in the following order: conventional LTT, 3D-printed PLA, and 3D-printed TPU. Each orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

Açıklamayı kopyala

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

Açıklamayı kopyala

A custom relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Individual hand geometry was obtained by 3D scanning, and the orthosis was digitally designed using Meshmixer software and manufactured using a Creality CR-10 Max 3D printer. The orthosis positioned the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion and was worn for two consecutive days.

A conventional relative motion flexion orthosis fabricated using Orficast More low-temperature thermoplastic material (Orfit Industries, Belgium). The orthosis was manually molded directly on the participant's hand, positioning the third metacarpophalangeal joint at 30 degrees of flexion, verified using a goniometer. The orthosis was worn for two consecutive days.

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
MCP Joint Stabilization
Délai: At the end of each 2-day orthosis wearing period (3 assessments per participant).

The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint angle of the third digit of the dominant hand was measured in degrees using a goniometer after each orthosis wearing period. All orthoses were designed to maintain the MCP joint at 30 degrees of flexion. The measured joint angles were compared among three relative motion flexion (RMF) orthoses fabricated from 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA), and conventional low-temperature thermoplastic (LTT). Values closer to 30 degrees indicated more accurate maintenance of the target joint position.

At the end of each 2-day orthosis wearing period (3 assessments per participant).

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
QUEST 2.0 Total Satisfaction Score
Délai: At the end of each 2-day orthosis wearing period (3 assessments per participant).

Overall user satisfaction was assessed using the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0). The questionnaire includes 12 items covering device-related satisfaction (8 items) and service-related satisfaction (4 items). Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. Total satisfaction scores were compared across TPU, PLA, and LTT orthoses.

At the end of each 2-day orthosis wearing period (3 assessments per participant).
QUEST 2.0 Device Satisfaction Score
Délai: At the end of each 2-day orthosis wearing period (3 assessments per participant).

Device-related satisfaction was assessed using the eight device items of the QUEST 2.0 questionnaire: dimensions, weight, adjustability, safety, durability, ease of use, comfort, and effectiveness. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. Device satisfaction scores were compared among TPU, PLA, and LTT orthoses.

At the end of each 2-day orthosis wearing period (3 assessments per participant).
QUEST 2.0 Service Satisfaction Score
Délai: At the end of each 2-day orthosis wearing period (3 assessments per participant).

Service-related satisfaction was assessed using the four service items of the QUEST 2.0 questionnaire, covering maintenance, repair, professional services, and follow-up. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. Service satisfaction scores were compared among TPU, PLA, and LTT orthoses.

At the end of each 2-day orthosis wearing period (3 assessments per participant).

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

12 juin 2024

Achèvement primaire (Réel)

21 février 2025

Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)

27 février 2025

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

3 novembre 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

3 novembre 2026

Première publication (Réel)

9 novembre 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

9 novembre 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

3 novembre 2026

Dernière vérification

1 octobre 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • AU-RMF-2023-620

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

NON

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .