Stimolazione elettrica in soggetti con dolore al collo cronico

While the results of the use of TENS, an electrotherapy method, in chronic neck pain are included in some studies, the evidence regarding the effects of diadynamic currents is quite limited.

TENS will be applied paravertebrally using four electrodes in the neck and back areas. Self-adhesive electrodes specific to each participant will be used for the application. TENS will run on symmetrical biphasic current at 100 Hz and 120 microseconds. The current intensity is determined by the level at which the person perceives the current. The participants are informed that they will get a current, which may induce a pins-and-needles sensation. It is essential for them to perceive the current distinctly; the intensity should be sufficient to be sensed without causing discomfort. The duration of the treatment is 20 minutes. Participants will receive exercises to strengthen the muscles around the neck.

All participants will receive treatment once a day, five days a week. A total of 15 sessions will be conducted over a duration of 3 weeks.

While the results of the use of TENS, an electrotherapy method, in chronic neck pain are included in some studies, the evidence regarding the effects of diadynamic currents is quite limited.

Diadynamic current will be performed paravertebrally using two electrodes on the neck and back areas. Participant-specific self-adhesive electrodes will be utilized for the application. In diadynamic current, two distinct current modules, namely diphase-fixed (2 minutes) and short period (8 minutes), will be utilized. The cumulative duration of the treatment is 10 minutes. The program will provide the current intensity at the threshold perceived by the individual. The participants will be informed about the application as follows: 'You will receive a current; you may have a pins-and-needles sensation; it is crucial to perceive the current distinctly and thoroughly; the intensity should neither be insufficient to be felt nor excessive to cause discomfort.' Participants will receive exercises to strengthen the muscles around the neck.All participants will receive treatment once a day, five days a week. A total of 15 sessions will be conducted over a duration of 3 weeks.

The participants in all groups will be given exercises to strengthen the muscles around the neck for 10 repetitions 2 times a day. These exercises are the routine exercises given to patients who apply to Başkent University Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with neck pain

The participants in all groups will be given exercises to strengthen the muscles around the neck for 10 repetitions 2 times a day. These exercises are the routine exercises given to patients who apply to Başkent University Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with neck pain

Visual Analog Scale will be used to assess pain intensity.

Visual Analog Scale Participants will be instructed to indicate their average pain intensity during rest, activity, and sleep on a 10-centimeter (cm) line, where 0 represents no pain and 10 represents horrible pain. The distance from the origin to the participant-marked point will be measured using a ruler, and pre-treatment pain scores will be recorded.

The Neck Disability Index is a scale that shows the functional status of the participants. The Neck Disability Index consists of ten questions related to pain intensity, personal care, lifting, reading, concentration, headaches, working, driving, sleeping, and recreational activities. For each question, there are 6 options ranging from 0 to 5 points. The questionnaire is evaluated out of a maximum of 50 points. "0 points" means no restrictions; "50 points' means full disability. "0-4 points" means no restriction, "5-14 points' means slightly restricted, "14-24 points' means moderately restricted, "25-34 points' means severely restricted, and "35 and above' means completely restricted.

McGill Pain Questionnaire- Short Form will be used to assess the overall pain of participants.

McGill Pain Questionnaire- Short Form The McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form is sufficiently sensitive to determine the efficacy of treatment interventions in alleviating pain. The questionnaire comprises 15 characteristics evaluated on a 4-point scale (the initial 11 evaluate the kind of pain, while the final 4 measure the emotional dimension): 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe.