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Health Belief Model-Based Vulvar Self-Examination Education

1 giugno 2026 aggiornato da: Ozge AYDOGAN ASIR, Eskisehir Osmangazi University

Effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-Based Vulvar Self-Examination Education Program on Women's Health Beliefs and Awareness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-based Vulvar Self-Examination (VSE) education program on women's health beliefs, vulvar health awareness, and vulvar self-examination behaviors. Vulvar diseases and symptoms are often overlooked due to insufficient awareness, stigma, and limited knowledge regarding vulvar health. Early recognition of vulvar symptoms may contribute to timely diagnosis and treatment of vulvar disorders.

Participants in the intervention group received a structured Health Belief Model-based education program on vulvar self-examination, while the control group received routine information. Data were collected using participant information forms, vulvar health awareness assessments, and Health Belief Model-based scales before and after the intervention.

The primary aim of the study was to improve women's awareness and health beliefs regarding vulvar self-examination. Secondary outcomes included changes in vulvar self-examination practices and vulvar health literacy. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to preventive women's health practices and early recognition of vulvar health problems.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

This study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-based Vulvar Self-Examination (VSE) education program among women. Vulvar diseases are common conditions affecting women's health; however, awareness regarding vulvar health and self-examination practices remains limited. Delayed recognition of vulvar symptoms may negatively affect early diagnosis and timely treatment of vulvar disorders.

The educational intervention was developed based on the constructs of the Health Belief Model, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues to action. The intervention aimed to improve women's awareness, knowledge, and preventive health behaviors related to vulvar health and vulvar self-examination.

Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. Women in the intervention group received a structured education program including information about vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, vulvar hygiene, warning signs requiring medical evaluation, and the steps of vulvar self-examination. Educational materials included visual and written content designed to enhance self-efficacy and promote regular self-examination behavior. The control group received routine health information.

Data were collected before and after the intervention using participant information forms, vulvar health awareness assessments, and Health Belief Model-based scales. The primary outcome of the study was improvement in women's health beliefs and awareness regarding vulvar self-examination. Secondary outcomes included changes in vulvar self-examination practices and vulvar health literacy levels.

The findings of this study are expected to contribute to preventive women's health services by supporting early recognition of vulvar health problems and improving women's self-care behaviors related to vulvar health.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

203

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Women aged 18 years and older
  • Not having received prior education on vulvar self-examination
  • Not having a diagnosis of vulvar cancer
  • Agreeing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having a known history of genital disease
  • Having visual or cognitive impairments that may prevent active participation in the educational intervention

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Prevenzione
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Doppio

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Self-Examination of the Vulva Education Group
Participants in this group received education on self-examination of the vulva, including vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, warning signs, guided practice, educational materials, and counseling support.
Participants received education on self-examination of the vulva, including vulvar anatomy, vulvar symptoms, warning signs, guided practice, educational materials, reminder messages, and counseling support.
Nessun intervento: Routine Information Control Group
Participants in this group received routine health information only.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Champion Health Belief Model Scale Score for Vulvar Self-Examination
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
Change in women's health beliefs regarding self-examination of the vulva (SEV), assessed using the Champion Health Belief Model Scale adapted for SEV. The scale includes perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy/confidence. Higher scores indicate stronger health beliefs regarding SEV.
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Vulvar Health Awareness Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
Change in vulvar health awareness, assessed using the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF), a researcher-developed instrument. Scores were measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater vulvar health awareness.
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
Vulvar Health Literacy Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
Change in vulvar health literacy, assessed using the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF), a researcher-developed instrument. Scores were measured at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater vulvar health literacy.
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
Self-Examination of the Vulva (SEV) Behavior
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
Change in self-examination of the vulva (SEV) behavior, assessed using the SEV practice item of the Vulvar Health Awareness and Vulvar Health Literacy Form (VSF-VSOF). Measurements were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention; higher scores indicate greater engagement in SEV behavior.
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Özge A Aydoğan Aşır, RN, PhD, Ankara Medipol University
  • Investigatore principale: Özge A Aşır Aşır, RN, PhD, Ankara Medipol University

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

4 agosto 2025

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

9 settembre 2025

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

10 ottobre 2025

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

18 maggio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

1 giugno 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

2 giugno 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

2 giugno 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

1 giugno 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 giugno 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • KKVM-RCT-2026-01
  • E-85859696-604.01.01-4661 (Altro identificatore: Ankara Medipol University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee)

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared due to privacy and confidentiality considerations related to sensitive women's health information.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .