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Evaluation of Alexithymia and Its Relationship With Clinical Parameters in Patients With Chronic Coccydynia

10 agosto 2026 aggiornato da: Haner Direskeneli, Marmara University

Evaluation of the Presence of Alexithymia and Its Relationship With Clinical Parameters in Patients With Chronic Coccydynia (>=3 Months)

This study aims to investigate the prevalence and levels of alexithymia in patients diagnosed with chronic coccydynia (tailbone pain lasting for 3 months or longer) and to explore its relationship with various clinical and psychological parameters. Chronic coccydynia can significantly impair daily activities, functionality, and reduce quality of life. Participants in this prospective, observational study will be evaluated during their routine visits to the pain management clinic. Evaluation of the participants will be performed using validated self-report questionnaires, including the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) for alexithymia, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for mood symptoms, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33) for early life adverse experiences, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, and the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) for quality of life. The primary objective of the study is to determine how alexithymia relates to pain severity, duration, emotional symptoms, childhood trauma history, and overall quality of life in this specific population. The results of this pilot study may help strengthen the biopsychosocial approach in the evaluation of chronic coccydynia and optimize future multidisciplinary treatment strategies.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Reclutamento

Condizioni

Descrizione dettagliata

Chronic coccydynia is a persistent pain condition localized to the coccygeal region, often exacerbated by sitting and significantly impairing daily activities, functionality, and health-related quality of life. While biomechanical and structural variables play a substantial role in its etiology, the pain can become chronic, making it difficult to explain solely through structural changes. Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon that interacts bidirectionally with cognitive-emotional processes and stress response systems. Within this framework, alexithymia-characterized by difficulty identifying and describing emotions-has been recognized as a psychological trait associated with higher pain intensity and functional interference in chronic pain populations.

The relationship between chronic pain, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and early adverse life events such as childhood trauma is also clinically critical, as these factors can amplify pain perception and restriction of activities. Despite these known associations in general chronic pain conditions, studies comprehensively evaluating alexithymia levels alongside pain duration, mood symptoms, childhood trauma history, and quality of life specifically within the coccydynia population remain limited. This gap in the literature underscores the importance of systematically examining the biopsychosocial components of chronic coccydynia to help optimize multidisciplinary treatment planning.

This prospective, observational cohort study aims to investigate the presence and levels of alexithymia in patients with chronic coccydynia (≥3 months) and to analyze its relationship with clinical and psychological variables. Patients presenting with tailbone pain will be evaluated at the multidisciplinary clinics. Following written informed consent, data collection will be completed in a single session utilizing a comprehensive battery of validated psychometric instruments. These include the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity, the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the 33-item Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33), and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). The findings are expected to contribute to the early identification of high-risk patient subgroups and strengthen the integration of supportive psychosocial interventions into future chronic pain management protocols.

Tipo di studio

Osservativo

Iscrizione (Stimato)

15

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

      • Istanbul, Turchia (Türkiye)
        • Reclutamento
        • Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital
        • Contatto:

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

No

Metodo di campionamento

Campione non probabilistico

Popolazione di studio

Patients aged 18 and older who present to the algology outpatient clinic and meet the diagnostic criteria for chronic coccydynia lasting for 3 months or longer.

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

Being older than 18 years of age

  • Volunteering to participate in the study and providing written informed consent
  • Being literate and having the mental capacity to comprehend the questionnaires
  • Having no active, treated severe psychiatric disorder (such as schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • - Cognitive impairment or communication barriers that compromise the capacity to consent
  • Active psychotic disorder or manic episode
  • Suspected self-harm or suicide risk during the clinical interview
  • Distinct secondary causes of pain such as malignancy, active infection, or acute fracture

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

Coorti e interventi

Gruppo / Coorte
Chronic Coccydynia Patients
Patients aged 18 and older who present to the algology outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of chronic coccydynia lasting for 3 months or longer. Participants will undergo a single-time biopsychosocial assessment using validated psychometric scales including TAS-20, HADS, CTQ-33, VAS, and SF-12 during their routine evaluation.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Single-time assessment during the clinical interview)
A 20-item self-report questionnaire used to evaluate the presence and severity of alexithymia. It assesses three subscales: difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally-oriented thinking. Total scores range from 20 to 100, where higher scores indicate a higher level of alexithymia.
Baseline (Single-time assessment during the clinical interview)

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Single-time assessment)
A 10-cm horizontal scale used to measure pain intensity. Scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). Participants indicate their current tailbone pain level on this line.
Baseline (Single-time assessment)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Single-time assessment)
A 14-item self-report questionnaire consisting of two subscales: anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items). Each subscale is scored from 0 to 21, where higher scores reflect greater severity of anxiety or depression. Cut-off scores are 10 for anxiety and 7 for depression.
Baseline (Single-time assessment)
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-33) Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Single-time assessment)
A 33-item scale evaluating retrospective childhood and adolescent adverse experiences. It assesses emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, and overprotection-control. Total scores range from 25 to 150, with higher scores representing more severe childhood trauma.
Baseline (Single-time assessment)
Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) Score
Lasso di tempo: Baseline (Single-time assessment)
A 12-item health-related quality of life survey consisting of 8 domains. Total and component scores range from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life.
Baseline (Single-time assessment)

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

20 marzo 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

1 marzo 2027

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

1 marzo 2027

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

6 luglio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

6 luglio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

10 luglio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

12 agosto 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

10 agosto 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 luglio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • 09.2026.26-0189

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .