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Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Non-Malignant Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

12 luglio 2026 aggiornato da: Ambreen Ishaq, GIFT University
This study is evaluating whether Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) helps adults with chronic non-malignant pain (pain lasting 3 months or longer that is not caused by cancer). Sixty adult participants (ages 18-60) were randomly placed into one of three groups: ACT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or Treatment as Usual (TAU, standard medical care only). Both ACT and CBT are delivered over 10 weekly sessions by a trained therapist. ACT focuses on helping people accept pain-related thoughts and feelings, become less controlled by unhelpful thinking patterns, and take action toward things that matter to them despite pain. CBT focuses on changing unhelpful thoughts about pain and building coping skills such as pacing and relaxation. The TAU group continues usual medical care without added psychological treatment. Participants complete questionnaires before and after treatment measuring pain intensity, pain acceptance, pain-related disability, psychological flexibility, catastrophic thinking about pain, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The goal is to find out whether ACT works as well as, or better than, CBT, and whether either treatment works better than standard care alone.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Attivo, non reclutante

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) is associated with significant psychological distress, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life, and pharmacological treatment alone often provides limited relief. This study uses a three-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest parallel-group design to compare Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) against Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT, active comparator) and Treatment as Usual (TAU, control).

Sixty adults (aged 18-60) with a physician-confirmed diagnosis of chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal or widespread pain (duration ≥3 months) were enrolled using purposive sampling and randomly allocated to ACT, CBT, or TAU (n=20 per group) using manual simple randomization (fishbowl method). Eligible participants scored ≥4 on the Numerical Rating Scale (pain intensity), ≥4 on the Brief Pain Inventory interference subscale, and ≥20 on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and were willing/able to attend all sessions. Individuals with severe psychiatric disorders, severe cognitive/neurological impairment, concurrent structured psychological treatment for pain, or unstable medical conditions were excluded.

The ACT intervention, delivered over 10 weekly sessions using a manual-based protocol adapted for chronic pain, targets the six core processes of the psychological flexibility model: acceptance, cognitive defusion, present-moment awareness, self-as-context, values clarification, and committed action. The CBT intervention, also delivered over 10 weekly sessions, targets maladaptive pain-related cognitions and behaviors through cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, activity pacing, relaxation training, problem-solving, and coping skills. The TAU group continues routine medical/pharmacological care without structured psychological intervention.

Outcome assessors are blinded to group allocation; participants and therapists could not be blinded given the nature of the interventions. Outcomes are assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the Numerical Rating Scale (pain intensity), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (pain acceptance), Brief Pain Inventory (pain interference), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (psychological flexibility), Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and WHOQOL-BREF (quality of life). Data collection is complete for the majority of participants; a small number of participants are currently in their final follow-up sessions before post-intervention assessment.

The study aims to (1) evaluate within-group change in ACT and CBT from pretest to posttest across all outcomes; (2) compare ACT versus CBT on post-intervention outcomes, with primary focus on pain acceptance, psychological flexibility, and pain interference; (3) examine whether change in psychological flexibility predicts change in pain interference and catastrophizing across both treatment groups; (4) compare ACT and CBT on anxiety, depression, and quality of life; and (5) compare ACT and CBT against TAU on all outcome measures. Findings are expected to clarify the comparative efficacy and mechanism of action of ACT relative to an established active treatment, contributing evidence for non-pharmacological, mechanism-informed pain management, particularly within an under-studied Pakistani population.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

60

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

    • Punjab Province
      • Guiranwala, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 52250
        • DHQ Hospital, Gujranwala (Orthopedic Department)

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto

Accetta volontari sani

No

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

Chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain or chronic widespread pain persisting for at least three months, without evidence of malignant pathology Aged between 18 and 60 years Current pain severity of ≥4 on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Pain-related functional interference of ≥4 on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) interference subscale Pain catastrophizing score of ≥20 on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Availability and willingness to attend all intervention sessions (10 weekly sessions for either ACT or CBT) Diagnosis medically confirmed by a qualified physician (e.g., orthopedic consultant or pain specialist) prior to inclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

Presence of severe psychiatric disorders, including but not limited to psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder Severe cognitive impairment or neurological disorders that may interfere with understanding or completing study assessments Concurrent participation in other structured psychological interventions for chronic pain (e.g., CBT, ACT) Uncontrolled or unstable medical conditions that may compromise safe participation in the study

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Separare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy)
Participants in this arm receive Acceptance and Commitment Therapy delivered over 10 weekly sessions using a manual-based protocol adapted for chronic pain. The intervention targets six core processes: acceptance, cognitive defusion, present-moment awareness, self-as-context, values clarification, and committed action.
A 10-session, manual-based psychological intervention targeting psychological flexibility through acceptance, cognitive defusion, present-moment awareness, self-as-context, values clarification, and committed action, delivered weekly by a trained therapist.
Comparatore attivo: CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
Participants in this arm receive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy delivered over 10 weekly sessions, targeting maladaptive pain-related cognitions and behaviors through cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, activity pacing, relaxation training, problem-solving, and coping skills.
A 10-session, manual-based psychological intervention targeting maladaptive pain-related cognitions and behaviors through cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, activity pacing, relaxation training, problem-solving, and coping skills, delivered weekly by a trained therapist.
Nessun intervento: TAU (Treatment as Usual)
Participants in this arm continue their routine medical/pharmacological care for chronic pain without receiving any structured psychological intervention as part of the study.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in Pain Acceptance
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Pain acceptance will be assessed using the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), a 20-item self-report measure rated on a 7-point Likert scale (0 = "never true" to 6 = "always true"), with higher scores indicating greater acceptance.
Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Change in Psychological Flexibility
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Psychological flexibility will be assessed using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), a 7-item self-report measure rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = "never true" to 7 = "always true"), with higher scores indicating greater flexibility.
Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Change in Pain Interference
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Pain interference will be assessed using the Pain Interference subscale of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), rated on a 0-10 scale, with higher scores indicating greater interference with daily functioning, mood, and social activities.
Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in Pain Intensity
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), a single-item measure ranging from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst imaginable pain").
Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Change in Pain Catastrophizing
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Pain catastrophizing will be assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), a 13-item measure rated on a 5-point scale, with higher scores indicating greater catastrophizing.
Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Change in Anxiety Symptoms
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Anxiety will be assessed using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A), a 7-item measure rated on a 0-3 scale.
Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Change in Depression Symptoms
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Depression will be assessed using the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), a 7-item measure rated on a 0-3 scale.
Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Change in Quality of Life
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)
Quality of life will be assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF, a self-report measure assessing physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains of quality of life.
Baseline and post-intervention (Week 10)

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Investigatori

  • Direttore dello studio: Ather Mujitaba, Phd, GIFT University

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

13 maggio 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

26 luglio 2026

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

31 luglio 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

12 luglio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

12 luglio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

16 luglio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

16 luglio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

12 luglio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 luglio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • GIFT/PSY/MS/2025/002

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

INDECISO

Descrizione del piano IPD

A formal data-sharing plan has not yet been established. This is a student thesis-based clinical trial, and decisions regarding individual participant data (IPD) sharing will depend on institutional policy, ethical approval conditions, and participant consent terms at the time of study completion.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .