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Clear Aligners vs Fixed Appliances for Molar Distalization Using Infrazygomatic Crest Screws

15 luglio 2026 aggiornato da: Ahmet Yağcı, TC Erciyes University

Evaluation of the Treatment Effects of Different Clear Aligner and Fixed Appliance Systems in Maxillary Posterior Distalization Using Infrazygomatic Crest Screws: An In-Vivo Randomized Clinical Study

This study compares three different methods of moving upper back teeth backward (distalization) to create space for crowded or protruding teeth, all supported by small temporary screws placed in the cheekbone area (infrazygomatic crest screws). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment types: traditional fixed braces (Pitts21 system), Invisalign clear aligners, or ClearCorrect clear aligners. The study measures how effectively each method moves the back teeth, how long treatment takes, and how comfortable and practical each method is for patients. The goal is to help orthodontists and patients choose the most effective and efficient treatment option for this type of tooth movement.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

This prospective randomized clinical trial included 35 subjects aged 13-18 years with skeletal Class I, dental Class II malocclusion, randomly allocated to Pitts21 fixed appliance (n=12), Invisalign (n=12), or ClearCorrect (n=11) treatment groups. Unilateral or bilateral infrazygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews were placed in all subjects, and distalization forces were applied via intraoral elastics. Lateral cephalometric radiographs and digital dental models (acquired with a 3Shape TRIOS 3 intraoral scanner) were obtained at the start (T0) and end (T1) of distalization to assess skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes. Patient-reported outcomes were also collected, including pain (Visual Analog Scale) and anxiety (Çapa Anxiety Scale). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS v23 and R 4.4.1; normality was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Between-group comparisons used one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and within-group comparisons over time used paired t-test, Wilcoxon, repeated measures ANOVA, or Friedman test. Group×time and group×tooth interactions were evaluated using Generalized Estimating Equations and Robust Mixed ANOVA, with Bonferroni, Games-Howell, or Holm corrections applied for multiple comparisons.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

37

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

      • Kayseri, Turchia (Türkiye), 38000
        • Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Bambino
  • Adulto

Accetta volontari sani

No

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Skeletal Class I (ANB angle 0-4°), dental Class II malocclusion treatable with molar distalization
  • Need for unilateral or bilateral distalization of the first molars in the range of 2-4.5 mm
  • Chronological age between 13 and 18 years, regardless of skeletal age
  • Normal or hypodivergent growth pattern (SN-GoGn < 39°)
  • Mild to moderate maxillary crowding (less than 6 mm) and minimal or no mandibular crowding (less than 3 mm)
  • No previously extracted maxillary teeth, excluding third molars
  • Erupted permanent second molars
  • Good oral hygiene
  • Healthy periodontal tissues

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Need for orthodontic tooth extraction or functional appliance therapy
  • Presence of systemic disease
  • Congenital or acquired craniofacial deformity involving the condyle or mandible
  • Poor patient cooperation
  • History of allergy to any metal
  • Pre-existing root resorption prior to treatment
  • Previous orthodontic treatment
  • Abnormal position, depth of impaction, or close proximity to adjacent anatomical structures (sinus, neurovascular structures) of the maxillary third molar that would make its surgical extraction risky

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Separare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Comparatore attivo: Group A ( Pitts21® Fixed Appliance )
Participants received maxillary posterior distalization using the Pitts21® fixed orthodontic appliance system, anchored with infrazygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews and intraoral elastics for distalization force.
Fixed orthodontic brackets (Pitts21 system) used for maxillary posterior distalization, anchored with infrazygomatic crest miniscrews and intraoral elastics.
Altri nomi:
  • Fixed orthodontic bracket system
Sperimentale: Group B ( Invisalign® clear aligners)
Participants received maxillary posterior distalization using Invisalign® clear aligners, anchored with infrazygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews and intraoral elastics for distalization force.
Clear aligner system (Invisalign) used for maxillary posterior distalization, anchored with infrazygomatic crest miniscrews and intraoral elastics.
Altri nomi:
  • Invisalign Clear Aligner System
Sperimentale: Group C ( ClearCorrect® clear aligners)
Participants received maxillary posterior distalization using ClearCorrect® clear aligners, anchored with infrazygomatic crest (IZC) miniscrews and intraoral elastics for distalization force.
Clear aligner system (ClearCorrect) used for maxillary posterior distalization, anchored with infrazygomatic crest miniscrews and intraoral elastics.
Altri nomi:
  • ClearCorrect Clear Aligner System

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Amount of Maxillary Posterior Tooth Distalization
Lasso di tempo: From the date of infrazygomatic crest miniscrew placement and initiation of distalization force (T0) until the end of the active distalization phase (T1), assessed up to 13 months
The amount of distalization of the maxillary premolars and molars (U4, U5, U6, U7) was measured in millimeters using three-dimensional digital dental model analysis, comparing pre-treatment (T0) and post-distalization (T1) records.
From the date of infrazygomatic crest miniscrew placement and initiation of distalization force (T0) until the end of the active distalization phase (T1), assessed up to 13 months

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Total Distalization Duration
Lasso di tempo: From the date of miniscrew placement and start of distalization force (T0) until the date of completion of active distalization (T1), assessed up to 13 months
The total duration of the distalization phase, calculated as the time interval between the start of force application (T0) and the completion of active distalization (T1).
From the date of miniscrew placement and start of distalization force (T0) until the date of completion of active distalization (T1), assessed up to 13 months

Altre misure di risultato

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Distalization Efficacy in Clear Aligner Groups
Lasso di tempo: From treatment planning (T0) until the end of active distalization (T1), assessed up to 13 months
Distalization efficacy was calculated as the ratio of achieved to planned tooth movement (Efficacy = Achieved/Planned × 100), based on digital treatment planning, for the Invisalign and ClearCorrect groups.
From treatment planning (T0) until the end of active distalization (T1), assessed up to 13 months
Infrazygomatic Crest Miniscrew Success Rate
Lasso di tempo: From the date of miniscrew placement until the end of active distalization, assessed up to 13 months
The success rate of infrazygomatic crest miniscrews used for anchorage was recorded, defined as the proportion of miniscrews remaining stable and functional throughout the distalization period without requiring replacement.
From the date of miniscrew placement until the end of active distalization, assessed up to 13 months
Cephalometric Skeletal, Dental, and Soft Tissue Changes
Lasso di tempo: From the date of miniscrew placement and start of distalization force (T0) until the end of active distalization (T1), assessed up to 13 months
Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were assessed using lateral cephalometric radiographs, comparing measurements obtained at the beginning (T0) and end (T1) of distalization.
From the date of miniscrew placement and start of distalization force (T0) until the end of active distalization (T1), assessed up to 13 months
Rotation of Premolars and Molars During Distalization
Lasso di tempo: From T0 to T1, assessed up to 13 months
Changes in the rotational position of the maxillary premolars and molars (U4-U7) were measured using digital dental models, comparing T0 and T1 records.
From T0 to T1, assessed up to 13 months
Mesiodistal Tipping of Premolars and Molars During Distalization
Lasso di tempo: From T0 to T1, assessed up to 13 months
Changes in mesiodistal crown angulation (tipping) of the maxillary premolars and molars (U4-U7) were measured using digital dental models, comparing T0 and T1 records.
From T0 to T1, assessed up to 13 months
Transverse Width Changes in the Maxillary Posterior Region
Lasso di tempo: From T0 to T1, assessed up to 13 months
Changes in transverse arch width at the level of the premolars and molars (U4-U7) were measured using digital dental models, comparing T0 and T1 records.
From T0 to T1, assessed up to 13 months
Pain Level Assessed by Visual Analog Scale
Lasso di tempo: From day 1 after miniscrew placement/appliance activation up to the end of active distalization, assessed at 5 time points (day 1, week 1, month 1, month 3, and end of distalization; up to 13 months)
Pain associated with treatment was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS, 0-10) at multiple time points: day 1, week 1, month 1, month 3, and end of distalization.
From day 1 after miniscrew placement/appliance activation up to the end of active distalization, assessed at 5 time points (day 1, week 1, month 1, month 3, and end of distalization; up to 13 months)
Anxiety Level Assessed by the Çapa Anxiety Scale
Lasso di tempo: From day 1 after miniscrew placement/appliance activation up to the end of active distalization, assessed at 5 time points (day 1, week 1, month 1, month 3, and end of distalization; up to 13 months)
Patient anxiety related to treatment was assessed using the Çapa Anxiety Scale at multiple time points: day 1, week 1, month 1, month 3, and end of distalization.
From day 1 after miniscrew placement/appliance activation up to the end of active distalization, assessed at 5 time points (day 1, week 1, month 1, month 3, and end of distalization; up to 13 months)

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

6 giugno 2024

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

12 gennaio 2026

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

18 febbraio 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

15 luglio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

15 luglio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

20 luglio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

20 luglio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

15 luglio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 luglio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • TDH-2025-15402

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .