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The Flipped Classroom Model in Infectious Disease Nursing: Implementation and Assessment of Educational Effectiveness (FC)

2 settembre 2026 aggiornato da: Dangui Zhang, Shantou University Medical College

The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate whether the flipped classroom (FC) teaching model improved academic performance and student engagement in an integrative Infectious Disease Nursing course, compared with traditional lecture-based instruction. The main questions it aimed to answer were:

  1. Did the flipped classroom model produce higher final examination scores than traditional lectures after adjusting for students' prior academic achievement?
  2. Did the flipped classroom model enhance students' self-reported course interest and engagement?
  3. How did prerequisite course performances contribute to final achievement in this integrative nursing course? Researchers compared undergraduate nursing students taught via the flipped classroom in the 2024-2025 academic year (n = 18) with historical controls who received lecture-based instruction in the 2023 academic year (n = 36) at a single university in China.

Participants in the flipped classroom group (2024-2025 cohort):

  1. Completed weekly pre-class preparation modules (e.g., reviewing recorded lectures, reading assignments) before each session
  2. Attended in-class sessions that emphasized student-led presentations and case-based group discussions
  3. Completed a final written examination covering integrative Infectious Disease Nursing content
  4. Provided anonymous feedback ratings on their course interest and overall learning experience The historical control group (2023 cohort) received traditional lecture-based instruction and completed the same final examination and feedback survey.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Completato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the flipped classroom (FC) teaching model compared with traditional lecture-based instruction in an integrative Infectious Disease Nursing course.

The study was conducted at Shantou University Medical College, China. Undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the Infectious Disease Nursing course during the 2024-2025 academic year (the FC cohort, n = 18) were compared with historical controls who received lecture-based instruction during the 2023 academic year (the control cohort, n = 36). All participants were from the same instructional track and completed the same course requirements.

For the FC cohort, the instructional design consisted of weekly modules that required students to complete pre-class preparation activities, including reviewing recorded educational videos and assigned readings. In-class sessions were structured around student-led presentations and case-based group discussions to reinforce the pre-class content. The historical control cohort received conventional teacher-centered lectures covering the same course content during the 2023 academic year.

Data were extracted retrospectively from existing academic records and course evaluation databases. The primary outcome measure was final examination score, which consisted of multiple-choice questions and open-questions covering integrative Infectious Disease Nursing content. Secondary outcome measures included gain scores (calculated as final examination score minus the average prerequisite course score) and course feedback ratings on student interest and overall learning experience.

Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 30.0 and Python 3. Group differences in continuous variables were compared using independent-samples t-tests. Partial correlation analysis was conducted to examine the independent contributions of prerequisite course performances to Infectious Disease Nursing achievement. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with gain score as a covariate, was used to evaluate the independent effect of the FC model after adjusting for prior academic achievement. All statistical tests were two-sided, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

Because this study was retrospective in nature and involved analysis of existing educational records, no study intervention was assigned as part of the protocol. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Shantou University Medical College (Approval No.: SUMC-2026-013).

Tipo di studio

Osservativo

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

54

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

    • Guangdong
      • Shantou, Guangdong, Cina, 515041
        • Shantou University Medical College

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Bambino
  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Metodo di campionamento

Campione non probabilistico

Popolazione di studio

All students in the 2021, 2022, and 2023 cohorts who completed the course of Infectious Diseases Nursing (IN) were eligible.

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • documented grades in both prerequisite courses (Microbiology & Immunology and Adults Nursing) AND
  • completion of the final examination

Exclusion Criteria:

  • incomplete prerequisite records OR
  • withdrawal from the course

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

Coorti e interventi

Gruppo / Coorte
Intervento / Trattamento
Historical Control Group (Traditional Lecture)
This group consisted of undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the Infectious Disease Nursing course during the 2023 academic year. Participants received traditional lecture-based instruction delivered in a teacher-centered format. Course content covered the same integrative Infectious Disease Nursing curriculum. Data were extracted retrospectively from existing academic records, including final examination scores, prerequisite course averages, and course feedback ratings.
Flipped Classroom Group
This group consisted of undergraduate nursing students enrolled in the Infectious Disease Nursing course during the 2024-2025 academic year. Participants received instruction via the flipped classroom model. The instructional design comprised weekly modules requiring students to complete pre-class preparation activities, followed by in-class sessions emphasizing student-led presentations and case-based group discussions. Data were extracted retrospectively from existing academic records, including final examination scores, prerequisite course averages, and course feedback ratings.
The FC comprised seven weekly modules. Pre-class: (a) guided readings (textbook chapters, articles, 15-20-min videos on epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations); (b) independent PubMed search summarizing ≥5 relevant articles; (c) knowledge-synthesis worksheet identifying microbiological mechanisms (pathogen traits, transmission, virulence), immune responses, Nursing Care Plan (NCP) components from prerequisite Adults Nursing (AN), and transmission-based precautions. In-class (90 min/week, small groups): student presentations (30 min, groups of 2-3 linking mechanisms, NCP, precautions); case discussions (20 min); facilitator feedback and misconception correction (30 min); peer feedback (10 min on integration quality and evidence). Post-class: reflective prompts on challenging integration aspects and knowledge gaps.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Final examination score
Lasso di tempo: At the end of the semester, approximately 12 weeks after course commencement
All students completed the same final examination (100 points), consisting of three item types: knowledge recall items (30 points; A1-type multiple-choice questions on disease characteristics, transmission routes, and precaution protocols), clinical application items (40 points; A3-type multiple-choice questions presenting clinical case scenarios requiring cross-disciplinary synthesis and clinical judgment), and integrated case analysis items (30 points; case-based items requiring integration of microbiological knowledge, NCP (Nursing Care Plan) frameworks, and precaution decisions for complex patient scenarios). All responses were scored by the automated examination system, and a research assistant independently verified the scoring of all answer sheets against the system output; no discrepancies were detected.
At the end of the semester, approximately 12 weeks after course commencement
Gain score
Lasso di tempo: At the end of the semester, approximately 12 weeks after course commencement
To index knowledge integration relative to each student's own starting point, a gain score was computed: examination score minus the mean of the two prerequisite course scores. Positive gain scores indicate performance above one's prerequisite baseline.
At the end of the semester, approximately 12 weeks after course commencement

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Course feedback
Lasso di tempo: At the end of the semester, approximately 11 weeks after course commencement
A post-course survey administered in the final week measured three dimensions on a 10-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 10 = strongly agree): interestingness, understanding, and overall effectiveness. One open-ended question invited suggestions for improving the course.
At the end of the semester, approximately 11 weeks after course commencement

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Collaboratori

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

1 maggio 2026

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

20 agosto 2026

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

20 agosto 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

2 settembre 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

2 settembre 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

8 settembre 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

8 settembre 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

2 settembre 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 settembre 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • SUMC-2026-013

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

The data are not publicly available due to ethical restrictions (student academic records; the ethics approval did not include public deposition).

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .