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Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

7 ottobre 2026 aggiornato da: Joseph Watso, Florida State University

Time-Efficient Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training as a New Approach to Improve Cardiovascular Function Among Adults With Type 1 Diabetes

Adults with type 1 diabetes have elevated cardiovascular disease risk, and systolic blood pressure is a leading modifiable contributor to that risk. Aerobic exercise lowers blood pressure but poses time and glycemic-management barriers for people with type 1 diabetes. Inspiratory muscle strength training is a brief, home-based, device-based intervention that takes about five minutes per day and has lowered systolic blood pressure in other adult populations.

This pilot trial will test whether eight weeks of daily high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training lowers blood pressure and improves vascular function in adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants will be randomized 2:1 to high-resistance or very-low-resistance sham training using a POWERbreathe K3 device and will complete 30 training breaths per day at home for eight weeks. Outcomes are assessed before and after the training period.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Non ancora reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Approximately two million Americans live with type 1 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in this population. After glycemic control, systolic blood pressure is the leading modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Traditional aerobic exercise lowers blood pressure and improves vascular function, but most adults with type 1 diabetes do not meet physical activity recommendations, citing time constraints and concern about exercise-associated hypoglycemia.

Inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) requires about five minutes per day, is performed seated at home with a commercially available handheld device, and is unlikely to provoke hypoglycemia. A retrospective analysis of five independent trials in 128 adults reported a 9 mmHg reduction in casual systolic blood pressure following high-resistance IMST compared with sham training, with effects that appear consistent across age, sex, health status, and baseline blood pressure. No study has examined IMST in people with type 1 diabetes.

Participants are randomized in a 2:1 ratio to high-resistance IMST or very-low-resistance sham IMST. Randomization uses a computer-generated sequence held by an unmasked team member who is responsible only for setting device resistance; participants, investigators, and outcome assessors remain masked to group assignment. All participants complete approximately 56 daily training sessions over eight weeks, each consisting of five bouts of six forceful inhalations with about 30 seconds of rest between bouts.

Maximal inspiratory pressure is measured at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. For the high-resistance group, device resistance is set to a graded percentage of the participant's current maximal inspiratory pressure: 55% during weeks 1-2, 65% during weeks 3-4, and 75% during weeks 5-8. The sham group trains at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure throughout. Participants are debriefed on their group assignment at the end of the post-training visit.

Testing visits at week 0 and week 8 include laboratory blood pressure, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and post-occlusion reactive hyperemia by high-resolution ultrasound, central blood pressure and arterial stiffness by applanation tonometry, and isometric handgrip exercise testing with post-exercise circulatory occlusion. Participants measure their blood pressure at home once weekly on a provided automated monitor during weeks without a laboratory visit. Brief check-in contacts occur on odd weeks and device adjustment visits on even weeks. An optional follow-up visit repeating all assessments is offered at week 12.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

30

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Luoghi di studio

    • Florida
      • Tallahassee, Florida, Stati Uniti, 32306
        • Florida State University
      • Tallahassee, Florida, Stati Uniti, 32306
        • Cardiovascular and Applied Physiology Laboratory
        • Contatto:
          • Joseph Watso, PhD
          • Numero di telefono: 8506441281
          • Email: jwatso@fsu.edu

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

Da 18 anni a 35 anni (Adulto)

Accetta volontari sani

No

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 to 35 years
  • Type 1 diabetes diagnosed more than 1 year before screening
  • Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 10.0% or less within the last 3 months (may be measured at screening)- Body mass index 18 to 29.9 kg/m^2
  • Stable insulin delivery method for the past 30 days
  • Ability to read all device instructions and insulin pump settings
  • Estimated glomerular filtration rate at least 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 within the last 3 months (may be measured at screening)
  • Use of an insulin pump or insulin delivery by multiple daily injections
  • Attendance at 3 or more diabetes care visits over the past 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diabetes-related hospitalization, including for diabetic ketoacidosis or severe hypoglycemia, within 12 months of screening
  • Poorly controlled hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure at least 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure at least 90 mmHg
  • Taking diabetes medications other than insulin
  • Structured exercise more than 150 minutes per week for the last 3 months
  • Pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant within the study period
  • Unstable weight, defined as more than 5% change in the last 3 months
  • Significant organ system dysfunction, such as severe pulmonary, renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular disease
  • Diagnosed anemia or known hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL
  • Diagnosed neuropathic or psychiatric illness
  • Active nicotine or illegal drug use
  • Alcohol consumption totaling more than 10 standard drinks per week
  • Unable to grant voluntary informed consent
  • Unable or unwilling to follow the study protocol
  • Per the POWERbreathe device user manual: history of spontaneous pneumothorax; a collapsed lung that has not fully healed; a pacemaker or medical implant containing magnets or electronics; any condition of the eardrum, such as a burst eardrum that has not fully healed

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Prevenzione
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Triplicare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: High-Resistance Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training

Participants complete daily inspiratory muscle strength training using a POWERbreathe K3 device for eight weeks. Each session consists of five bouts of six forceful inhalations against resistance, with approximately 30 seconds of rest between bouts, for 30 training breaths per day. Resistance is set to a graded percentage of the participant's current maximal inspiratory pressure: 55% during weeks 1-2, 65% during weeks 3-4, and 75% during weeks 5-8.

Daily home-based inspiratory muscle strength training using a POWERbreathe K3 device for eight weeks, at 55% of maximal inspiratory pressure during weeks 1-2, 65% during weeks 3-4, and 75% during weeks 5-8. Maximal inspiratory pressure is re-measured at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 and resistance is adjusted accordingly.

Comparatore fittizio: Sham Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training

Participants complete daily inspiratory muscle strength training using a POWERbreathe K3 device for eight weeks. Each session consists of five bouts of six forceful inhalations against resistance, with approximately 30 seconds of rest between bouts, for 30 training breaths per day. Resistance is set to 15% of the participant's maximal inspiratory pressure throughout the eight weeks.

Daily home-based inspiratory muscle strength training using a POWERbreathe K3 device for eight weeks, at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure throughout.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change From Baseline in Laboratory-Measured Seated Systolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 8 weeks

Seated brachial systolic blood pressure measured in the laboratory with an automated oscillometric monitor after a period of quiet rest. This is the powered primary outcome.

Baseline and 8 weeks

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change From Baseline in Home Systolic Blood Pressure at 8 Weeks
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 8 weeks

Self-measured seated brachial systolic blood pressure recorded at home once weekly on a provided automated monitor, following American Heart Association home-monitoring recommendations.

Baseline and 8 weeks

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Collaboratori

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Joseph C Watso, Florida State University

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

1 gennaio 2027

Completamento primario (Stimato)

1 settembre 2028

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

1 ottobre 2028

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

30 settembre 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

30 settembre 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

6 ottobre 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

8 ottobre 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

7 ottobre 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 ottobre 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • STUDY00007503
  • R03HL183276 (Sovvenzione/contratto NIH degli Stati Uniti)

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

SÌ

Descrizione del piano IPD

De-identified individual participant-level data (IPD) that correspond directly to the key outcomes reported in peer-reviewed publications will be preserved and shared.

Periodo di condivisione IPD

Data will be made available after peer-review publication of the final dataset, but no later than 1 year after the completion of data collection. Data will remain available for a period of at least 10 years, per the University's guidelines for records retention.

Criteri di accesso alla condivisione IPD

Access will be unrestricted and open to the scientific community without controlled-access barriers. All data will be fully de-identified in compliance with HIPAA guidelines by removing direct/indirect personal identifiers and assigning coded study IDs prior to upload. Datasets will be structured in open, interoperable formats (CSV and/or TXT) requiring no specialized software to access. Datasets will be archived and publicly searchable in Zenodo (a FAIR-aligned public generalist repository) and assigned a persistent Digital Object Identifier (DOI). Summary results will also be submitted directly to ClinicalTrials.gov.

Tipo di informazioni di supporto alla condivisione IPD

  • STUDIO_PROTOCOLLO
  • LINFA
  • ICF

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

Sì

prodotto fabbricato ed esportato dagli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .