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Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Patients With Chronic Orofacial Pain

18 marzo 2014 aggiornato da: Sofia Straudi, MD, University Hospital of Ferrara

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Patients With Chronic Orofacial Pain Unresponsive to Conventional Treatment. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Patients affected by chronic orofacial pain represent an emergent medical problem due to the lack of knowledge on the cause, pathophysiology and psychology of many of these conditions, that belongs to a multifactorial origin.

Particularly, temporomandibular joint disorders involve a series of symptoms that refers both to intrinsic and extrinsic joint conditions where pain can be associated to a reduction of the joint movement, click or to other sounds of the joint.

The lack of a recognized causal therapy led to the suggestion of many treatment modalities with a multidisciplinary approach for the management of symptoms that include the use of occlusal splints, physiotherapy-speech therapy, behavioral and physical therapy, drugs, chirurgical approaches. In most cases these strategies together allow the control of the symptoms, even though they aren't completely resolutive.

In these patients is frequent chronic pain and ineffectiveness of common drugs used.

It has been demonstrated how transcranial electrical brain stimulation with direct current (tDCS) is able to reduce the intensity and the duration of chronic pain.

Stimulating the motor cortex can reduce pain by modulating brain activities in the areas involved in cerebral circuits controlling pain, such as thalamus, facilitating the descendant inhibitory mechanisms and enhancing the number of opiates receptors.

This clinical trial is based on the evaluation of the effects of tDCS on pain and on activities daily living (ADL) participation patients with chronic orofacial pain that don't respond to other treatments.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Terminato

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Inclusion criteria:

  • Male and female between 18 and 75 years old
  • Clinic history of previous orofacial and/or dental surgery
  • Chronic orofacial pain for more than a year measurable by the VAS more than 3 .
  • Pain not responsive to pharmacological treatment (analgesic, anti inflammatory, opiaces, antidepressant drugs and physiotherapy modalities)

Outcome measures:

Subjects will be assessed before the beginning of the treatment (T0), after tDCS (T1) and after one month of stimulation(T2) .

In the two weeks prior to T0 the patient will be asked in a questionnaire to report daily the level of pain, anxiety and state of mind using the VAS. This period of observation is necessary for the patient to get used to these measures and to underline possible intra-subject changing.

• Clinic scales

-Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): it is one of the most used between scales for pain evaluation [18]

RDC/TMD AXIS I: diagnostic classification for temporomandibolar disfunction. RDC/TMD AXIS II: behavioral questionnaire (7 questions about chronic pain severity) which evaluates chronic pain following the graded scale for chronic pain.

  • Symptoms Checklist-90-R scales (SCL 90-R): Depression and anxiety assessment for non-specific physical symptoms
  • electrical pain threshold: The Digitimer High Voltage Stimulator model DS74 provides high voltage pulses of constant current up to 100mA, pulses are of short duration and the output current is variable ranging between 0 and 100mA. The Digitimer is used to evaluate the pain perception threshold by applying electrical stimulation to the index finger to a pulse duration of 200 ls. The initial current applied is 0mA and increases of 0.1 mA until the subject feels pain.
  • Oral Health Impact Profile 49 (OHIP 49): provides a measure of social impact of oral disorders by providing a comprehensive measure of dysfunction, discomfort and disability resulting from the oral cavity conditions. The OHIP-49 is based on the adaptation of the World Health Organization classification.
  • Pain detect Questionnaire

Pressor pain threshold

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

30

Fase

  • Fase 2

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

  • Italia
      • Ferrara, Italia, 44124
        • Ferrara University Hospital

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

Da 18 anni a 75 anni (Adulto, Adulto più anziano)

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male and female between 18 and 75 years old
  • Clinic history of previous orofacial and/or dental surgery
  • Chronic orofacial pain for more than a year measurable by the VAS more than 3 .
  • Pain not responsive to pharmacological treatment (analgesic, anti inflammatory, opiates, antidepressant drugs and physiotherapy modalities)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Contraindication to tDCS: presence of metallic implants that can be stimulated, moved or overheated by electric current, positive anamnesis for epilepsy, implantable systems ( ventriculoperitoneal shunt, pacemaker, intracranial pumps, intracranial metallic systems)
  • Major neurological or psychiatric pathologies
  • Pregnancy
  • Severe hepatorenal and cardiopulmonary diseases

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Doppio

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Comparatore attivo: sham tDCS
This group will receive sham-tDCS for 5 days. The anode will be placed on the primary motor cortex (M1) of the dominant hemisphere and the cathode on the contralateral supraorbital area. The direct current is transmitted through a pair of sponge electrodes, with a surface of 35 cm2 (7x5), soaked in saline solution and, it is generated by a constant current stimulator, with rechargeable batteries. This continuous stimulation lasted 30 seconds, with an intensity of 1 milliampere.
Dispositivo: sham tDCS
2 milliampere sham direct current stimulation for 20 minutes daily for 5 days.
Sperimentale: real tDCS

This group will receive continuous stimulation lasting 20 minutes daily, for 5 days.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered as follows. The anode will be placed on the primary motor cortex (M1) of the dominant hemisphere and the cathode on the contralateral supraorbital area. The direct current is transmitted through a pair of sponge electrodes, with a surface of 35 cm2 (7x5), soaked in saline solution and, it is generated by a constant current stimulator, with rechargeable batteries. This continuous stimulation lasted 20 minutes, with an intensity of 1 milliampere.
Dispositivo: real tDCS
2 milliampere real direct current stimulation for 20 minutes daily for 5 days.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change from baseline in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain
Lasso di tempo: 1) one day pre-tDCS 5 days treatment. 2) Every day, for 5 days pre and post tDCS stimulation. 3) one day post tDCS 5 days treatment. 4)Follow up at one month.
Visual analogue scale measure for pain. Score range from 0-10. For rating overall pain: mild = 1-3, moderate = 4-7, severe = 8-10 For rating Chronic Pain, excellent internal consistency for a single pair of rating between Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Visual Analogue Scale (r = 0.86)
1) one day pre-tDCS 5 days treatment. 2) Every day, for 5 days pre and post tDCS stimulation. 3) one day post tDCS 5 days treatment. 4)Follow up at one month.

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Research Diagnostic Criteria Temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) AXIS I
Lasso di tempo: 1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Diagnostic classification for temporomandibular disfunction.
1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Research Diagnostic Criteria Temporomandibular disorders RDC/TMD AXIS II
Lasso di tempo: 1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Behavioral questionnaire (7 questions about chronic pain severity) which evaluates chronic pain following the graded scale for chronic pain.
1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Symptoms Checklist 90-R scales (SCL 90-R)
Lasso di tempo: 1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Depression and anxiety assessment for non-specific physical symptoms.
1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Electrical and pressure pain threshold
Lasso di tempo: 1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
The device for assessing pain is a high voltage stimulator provides high voltage pulses of constant current up to 100 milliampere, pulses are of short duration and the output current is variable ranging between 0 and 100 milliampere. This device is used to evaluate the pain perception threshold by applying electrical stimulation to the index finger to a pulse duration of 200 ls. The initial current applied is 0 milliampere and increases of 0.1 milliampere until the subject feels pain.
1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Oral Health Impact Profile 49 (OHIP 49)
Lasso di tempo: 1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Provides a measure of social impact of oral disorders by providing a comprehensive measure of dysfunction, discomfort and disability resulting from the oral cavity conditions. The OHIP-49 is based on the adaptation of the World Health Organization classification.
1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up
Pain detect Questionnaire (PD-Q)
Lasso di tempo: 1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up

The PD-Q is a reliable screening tool with high sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive accuracy.

Simple, patient-based, easy-to-use screening questionnaires can determine the prevalence of neuropathic pain components both in individual low back pain patients and in heterogeneous cohorts of such patients. Since NeP correlates with more intense pain, more severe co-morbidity and poorer quality of life, accurate diagnosis is a milestone in choosing appropriate therapy.
1) one day pre 5 days tDCS treatment. 2) one day post 5 days tDCS treatment 3) One month follow up

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

University Hospital of Ferrara

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio

1 maggio 2013

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

1 ottobre 2013

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

1 febbraio 2014

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

18 giugno 2013

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

18 giugno 2013

Primo Inserito (Stima)

21 giugno 2013

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Stima)

19 marzo 2014

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

18 marzo 2014

Ultimo verificato

1 gennaio 2014

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • Orofacial pain_tDCS

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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