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Long-term Follow-up of Dexmedetomidine-esketamine and tDCS for Neurocognitive Complications After Surgery

7 maggio 2026 aggiornato da: Dong-Xin Wang, Peking University First Hospital

Long-term Follow-up of Perioperative Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Prevention of Neurocognitive Complications in Older Patients After Non-cardiac Surgery

Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery and associated with worse long-term outcomes. An ongoing 2×2 factorial trial conducted by the investigators plan to test the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients. This long-term follow-up of the ongoing trial aims to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on long-term outcomes in older patients after noncardiac surgery.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Non ancora reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Neurocognitive complications, mainly delirium and neurocognitive disorders, are common cerebral complications in older patients after surgery. Occurrence of neurocognitive complications is associated with prolonge hospital stay and increased in-hospital death. Furthermore, occurrence of neurocognitive complications is associated with adverse long-term outcomes, including cognitive decline, poor quality of life, and reduced long-term survival.

Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic effects. Available evidence showed that perioperative dexmedetomidine decreased early postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients, possibly by improving analgesia and sleep quality and relieving surgery-related inflammation. However, routine dose dexmedetomidine increases bradycardia and hypotension which are potentially harmful to older patients.

Ketamine is a noncompetitive N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist and has been used as an anesthetic and analgesic for decades. Esketamine is the S-enantiomer of ketamine and twice as potent as racemic ketamine. Recent studies found that subanesthetic dose of esketamine is effective in improving analgesia and sleep quality and relieving surgery-related stress response. However, even subanesthetic ketamine or esketamine increases neuropsychiatric side effects.

In clinical practice, dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination has been used for premedication in children and postoperative analgesia in adults and showed additive or synergistic effects. An ongoing trial conducted by the investigators plan to test the hypothesis that perioperative use of dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination may prevent postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients. It is reasonable to hypothesize that perioperative dexmedetomdine-esketamine might also have favorable effects on long-term outcomes.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique and increasingly used for treatment of various neurological diseases. Studies in the perioperative settings showed that perioperative use of tDCS improved sleep quality and reduced delirium occurrence early after surgery. The ongoing trial coducted by the investigators plan to test the hypothesis that perioperative use of tDCS may reduce postoperative neurocognitive complications in older patients. Perioperative tDCS might also have favorable effects on long-term outcomes.

This long-term follow-up of the ongoing 2×2 factorial trial aims to investigate the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination and tDCS on long-term outcomes in older patients after noncardiac surgery.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

1160

Fase

  • Fase 4

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Backup dei contatti dello studio

Luoghi di studio

  • Cina
    • Beijing Municipality
      • Beijing, Beijing Municipality, Cina, 100034
        • Peking University First Hospital
        • Contatto:
        • Contatto:
    • Fujian
      • Fuzhou, Fujian, Cina, 362011
        • Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
        • Contatto:
    • Guangdong
      • Shenzhen, Guangdong, Cina, 518036
        • Peking University Shenzhen Hospital
        • Contatto:
    • Shaanxi
      • Xi'an, Shaanxi, Cina, 710032
        • Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University
        • Contatto:
    • Zhejiang
      • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Cina, 310006
        • First Affilited Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
        • Contatto:
      • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Cina, 310009
        • Second Affilited Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
        • Contatto:

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 65 to 90 years;
  • Preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score < 27 points, indicating possible cognitive impairment ranging from mild to moderate;
  • Scheduled to undergo elective non-cardiac, non-neurosurgical surgery under general anesthesia, with an expected surgical duration > 1 hour;
  • Required patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Preoperative inability to communicate due to coma, severe dementia, endstage disease, or language impairment;
  • History of schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, brain trauma/surgery, or myasthenia gravis;
  • Presence of metal implants in the intracranial or cervical region (such as cochlear implants, aneurysm clips, deep brain stimulation electrodes), or skin damage or severe skin disease on the head;
  • Severe cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction < 30%), comorbid with sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia (heart rate < 50 bpm), or second-degree or higher atrioventricular block, or implantation of a cardiac pacemaker;
  • Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or pheochromocytoma;
  • Severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C), severe renal dysfunction (requiring dialysis), or ASA classification ≥ IV;
  • Allergy to dexmedetomidine or esketamine;
  • Participation in other clinical studies within the past 3 months;
  • Other conditions that are deemed unsuitable for study participation.

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Prevenzione
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione fattoriale
  • Mascheramento: Quadruplicare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Dex-Esk + active tDCS
Participants will receive dexmedetomidine-esketamine (Dex-Esk) combination and active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
Droga: Dex-Esk

Dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination (1 μg/mL dexmedetomidine and 0.5 mg/mL esketamine) will be administered after anesthesia induction, firstly as a loading dose at a rate of [0.4 x body weight (kg)] mL/h for 30 minutes (0.2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0.1 mg/kg esketamine), followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of [0.1 x body weight (kg)] mL/h (0.1 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine and 0.05 mg/kg/h esketamine) until one hour before expected end surgery.

Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia will be established with a 100 mL mixture (containing 1.0 μg/mL sufentanil, 1.25 μg/mL dexmedetomidine, and 0.25 mg/mL esketamine in normal saline), programmed to deliver 2-mL boluses with an 8-minute lockout interval and an 1-mL/h background infusion, and provided for 48 hours (at least 24 hours).

Altri nomi:
  • Dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination
Dispositivo: Active tDCS

Active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered using a battery-powered stimulator. The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3) and the cathode over the right supraorbital region (Fp2). The stimulation intensity will be set at 2.0 mA, featuring a 30-second linear ramp-up at the beginning and a 30-second ramp-down at the end of each session.

Each participant will receive a total of three 20-minute sessions of active tDCS. The first session will be provided at 40 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit. Two other sessions will be provided on postoperative days 1 and 2 (between 10:00 and 12:00 am).

Altri nomi:
  • Active transcranial direct current stimulation
Sperimentale: Dex-Esk + sham tDCS
Participants will receive dexmedetomidine-esketamine (Dex-Esk) combination and sham (placebo) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
Droga: Dex-Esk

Dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination (1 μg/mL dexmedetomidine and 0.5 mg/mL esketamine) will be administered after anesthesia induction, firstly as a loading dose at a rate of [0.4 x body weight (kg)] mL/h for 30 minutes (0.2 μg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0.1 mg/kg esketamine), followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of [0.1 x body weight (kg)] mL/h (0.1 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine and 0.05 mg/kg/h esketamine) until one hour before expected end surgery.

Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia will be established with a 100 mL mixture (containing 1.0 μg/mL sufentanil, 1.25 μg/mL dexmedetomidine, and 0.25 mg/mL esketamine in normal saline), programmed to deliver 2-mL boluses with an 8-minute lockout interval and an 1-mL/h background infusion, and provided for 48 hours (at least 24 hours).

Altri nomi:
  • Dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination
Dispositivo: Sham tDCS

Sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered using a battery-powered stimulator. The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3) and the cathode over the right supraorbital region (Fp2). To ensure blinding, the device will deliver a initial 30-second ramp-up to 2.0 mA followed immediately by a 30-second ramp-down to 0 mA. The device remains "ON" for the remaining 19 minutes with no effective current output, mimicking the peripheral scalp sensation without delivering cortical modulation.

Each participant will receive a total of three 20-minute sessions of sham tDCS. The first session will be provided at 40 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit. Two other sessions will be provided on postoperative days 1 and 2 (between 10:00 and 12:00 am).

Altri nomi:
  • Simulata stimolazione transcranica a corrente continua
Sperimentale: Placebo + active tDCS
Participants will receive placebo (normal saline) and active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
Dispositivo: Active tDCS

Active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered using a battery-powered stimulator. The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3) and the cathode over the right supraorbital region (Fp2). The stimulation intensity will be set at 2.0 mA, featuring a 30-second linear ramp-up at the beginning and a 30-second ramp-down at the end of each session.

Each participant will receive a total of three 20-minute sessions of active tDCS. The first session will be provided at 40 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit. Two other sessions will be provided on postoperative days 1 and 2 (between 10:00 and 12:00 am).

Altri nomi:
  • Active transcranial direct current stimulation
Droga: Placebo

Placebo (normal saline) will be administered after anesthesia induction, firstly as a loading dose at a rate of [0.4 x body weight (kg)] mL/h for 30 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of [0.1 x body weight (kg)] mL/h until one hour before expected end surgery.

Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia will be established with a 100 mL mixture (containing 1.0 μg/mL sufentanil in normal saline), programmed to deliver 2-mL boluses with an 8-minute lockout interval and an 1-mL/h background infusion, and provided for 48 hours (at least 24 hours).

Altri nomi:
  • Soluzione salina normale
Comparatore placebo: Placebo + sham tDCS
Participants will receive placebo (normal saline) and sham (placebo) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).
Dispositivo: Sham tDCS

Sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will be administered using a battery-powered stimulator. The anode will be positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3) and the cathode over the right supraorbital region (Fp2). To ensure blinding, the device will deliver a initial 30-second ramp-up to 2.0 mA followed immediately by a 30-second ramp-down to 0 mA. The device remains "ON" for the remaining 19 minutes with no effective current output, mimicking the peripheral scalp sensation without delivering cortical modulation.

Each participant will receive a total of three 20-minute sessions of sham tDCS. The first session will be provided at 40 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit. Two other sessions will be provided on postoperative days 1 and 2 (between 10:00 and 12:00 am).

Altri nomi:
  • Simulata stimolazione transcranica a corrente continua
Droga: Placebo

Placebo (normal saline) will be administered after anesthesia induction, firstly as a loading dose at a rate of [0.4 x body weight (kg)] mL/h for 30 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion at a rate of [0.1 x body weight (kg)] mL/h until one hour before expected end surgery.

Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia will be established with a 100 mL mixture (containing 1.0 μg/mL sufentanil in normal saline), programmed to deliver 2-mL boluses with an 8-minute lockout interval and an 1-mL/h background infusion, and provided for 48 hours (at least 24 hours).

Altri nomi:
  • Soluzione salina normale

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Incidence of postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD) at 3 months
Lasso di tempo: At 3 months after surgery

Cognitive function will be assessed at baseline and at 3 months after surgery using the Telephone version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA; scores range from 0 to 22, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function）.

Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD) is defined as: a |Z| value of decline in T-MoCA score ≥1.96. Z value = [(change from baseline in T-MoCA score in a surgical patient - mean change from baseline in T-MoCA scores in the non-surgical group)] / (standard deviation of change from baseline in T-MoCA scores in the non-surgical group).
At 3 months after surgery

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Event-free survival
Lasso di tempo: Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
Time interval from index surgery to cancer recurrence/metastasis/progression, new-onset cancer, new-onset serious illness (requiring hospitalization), or all-cause death, whichever comes first.
Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient

Altre misure di risultato

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Overall survival
Lasso di tempo: Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
Time interval from index surgery to all-cause death.
Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
Recurrence-free survival
Lasso di tempo: Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
Time interval from index surgery to cancer recurrence/metastasis/progression or all-cause death, whichever comes first.
Up to 1 year after surgery of the last enrolled patient
Activities of daily living score
Lasso di tempo: At 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery
Daily living activities will be assessed with the activities of daily living (ADL; scores range from 1 to 56, with higher scores indicating worse ability of daily living).
At 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery
Incidence of postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD) at 6 months and 1 year
Lasso di tempo: At 6 months and 1 year after surgery

Cognitive function will be assessed at baseline and at 6 months and 1 year after surgery using the Telephone version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (T-MoCA; scores range from 0 to 22, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function）.

Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD) is defined as: a |Z| value of decline in T-MoCA score ≥1.96. Z value = [(change from baseline in T-MoCA score in a surgical patient - mean change from baseline in T-MoCA scores in the non-surgical group)] / (standard deviation of change from baseline in T-MoCA scores in the non-surgical group).
At 6 months and 1 year after surgery

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Peking University First Hospital

Collaboratori

Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
Fujian Medical University Union Hospital
Zhejiang University
Peking University Shenzhen Hospital
The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medicial University

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD, Peking University First Hospital

Pubblicazioni e link utili

La persona responsabile dell'inserimento delle informazioni sullo studio fornisce volontariamente queste pubblicazioni. Questi possono riguardare qualsiasi cosa relativa allo studio.

Pubblicazioni generali

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

1 giugno 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

1 giugno 2030

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

1 giugno 2031

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

3 maggio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

3 maggio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

8 maggio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

12 maggio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

7 maggio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 maggio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • 2026-1219-LT
  • 82293644 (Altro numero di sovvenzione/finanziamento: National Natural Science Foundation of China)

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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